The place of phenazepam in the modern use of benzodiazepine tranquilizers

Phenazepam

- benzodiazepine tranquilizer, a common sedative, anti-anxiety, vegetative stabilizing, anticonvulsant and hypnotic. Widely used to treat many diseases.

Doctors recommend using it for therapeutic purposes for a limited time (no more than 10, in exceptional cases no more than 30 days) due to the high risk of developing addiction. Of all the sedatives, phenazepam is one of the most dangerous in terms of the risk of developing addiction, along with Corvalol, alprazolam and sibazone.

Why is Phenazepam prescribed?

Phenazepam is the first Soviet benzodiazepine drug.

The active substance was synthesized in 1975 by Alexey Vsevolodovich Bogatsky and Sergey Andreevich Andronati. Other scientists also took part in the development and creation of the tranquilizer.

Forms of release of the drug:

• Pills

• Solution for injection (administered intravenously or intramuscularly)

The main indications for prescribing a tranquilizer:

• Psychopathic, psychopath-like, neurotic, neurosis-like disorders occurring against a background of anxiety, fear, emotional instability and irritability
• Phobias, obsessive states
• Panic attacks
• Alcohol and drug withdrawal
• Psychoses, in particular delirium tremens
• Epilepsy
• Hyperkinesis and nervous tics
• Autonomic disorders
• Rave
• Premedication before surgery

In combination with other drugs, it can be used for severe psychomotor agitation in patients with mania and psychosis.

conclusions

Dependence on benzodiazepines develops with long-term (more than 6 months) treatment and when the therapeutic dosage is exceeded. After stopping the drug, withdrawal syndrome develops. It manifests itself as tension, depression, anxiety, irregular heartbeat, trembling and muscle twitching. In severe cases, psychosis and seizures are possible. Treatment consists of resuming the medication and gradually reducing its dose. Sometimes the main drug is replaced with Diazepam or Chloriazepoxide, as they have a long half-life.

The effect of Phenazepam on the body

The drug inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses and polysynaptic spinal reflexes, activates benzodiazepine receptors, and reduces the excitability of subcortical structures.

Pharmacology of Phenazepam provides its therapeutic effects:

• Anti-anxiety (anxiolytic)
• Anticonvulsant
• Hypnotic
• Sedative
• Muscle relaxant (muscle relaxant)

In the absence of contraindications, therapeutic doses of the drug as part of short-term treatment do not harm the body.

Long-term use of Phenazepam in large quantities can disrupt the functioning of internal organs, including the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys. But the main target organ is the central nervous system (CNS). The inhibitory effect of the drug becomes chronic, as a result, brain functions are disrupted, problems with memory and attention appear, and speech deteriorates.

Content:

1. How does a medicine affect the human body?
2. Phenazepam can become a drug
3. What are the consequences of using high doses of the drug?
4. Features of drug pharmacokinetics
5. The process of removing Phenazepam
6. How doctors detect Phenazepam in the body of a drug addict

The drug "Phenazepam" belongs to the category of benzodiazepines.
Doctors use it as an anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and relaxant. It is usually prescribed to patients with high levels of anxiety. The medication not only calms, but also gives a feeling of euphoria. Having learned about this, drug addicts began to actively take it. The difficulty is that Phenazepam is addictive even in healthy people. If you drink it for a long time, you will develop an addiction that is no different from a drug addiction. The time it takes to remove Phenazepam from the body is up to five days.

Overdose of Phenazepam

Large doses of the drug enhance its inhibitory effect, causing depression of the central nervous system. This usually manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• Confusion, even coma
• Slurred speech
• Tremor, nystagmus
• Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
• Involuntary vomiting
• Severe drowsiness
• Fading reflexes
• Slow heart rate
• Reduced pressure

It is very easy to die from an overdose of Phenazepam. Therefore, you need to clear the patient’s airway and immediately call an ambulance by calling 03 or 112.

Doctors will perform a gastric lavage to remove unabsorbed substances and introduce an antidote, usually Anexat, a drug that unblocks inhibitory receptors and restores brain function. Symptomatic therapy is usually also indicated to normalize breathing and pressure.

In severe cases, the patient is hospitalized in the toxicology department, where, with the help of medication and physiotherapeutic methods, the body is cleansed and the normal functioning of internal organs is restored.

Fighting addiction

It is impossible to independently organize treatment for addiction to Phenazepam. The help of narcologists and psychotherapists is needed. Patients can count on the necessary support at the Vector of Life drug treatment clinic.

Treatment is carried out in several stages:

• Detoxification helps remove toxins and their breakdown products from the body. To do this, enemas are given, gastric lavage is organized, and reducing solutions are administered using droppers.
• Drug therapy is aimed at counteracting withdrawal symptoms. Sedatives, analgesics, and immunomodulators are prescribed.
• Psychological work is being carried out. During individual and group sessions, it is possible to cope with the psychological attraction to the drug. This is the most severe type of addiction and takes the longest to get rid of.

At the Vector of Life drug treatment clinic, patients can count on individual consultation and an individual course of treatment.

Addiction and withdrawal syndrome

Phenazepam is not intended for long-term therapy; doctors prescribe it in short courses. The drug does not cause euphoria, but it relaxes well, relieves fears and anxiety. Patients like this calm state, so they continue to use the medicine after the end of therapy and increase the dosage without permission. Uncontrolled use leads to the formation of addiction.

Sometimes addiction develops through the fault of the doctor, if the doctor does not take into account that the drug should not be used for a long period.

Addiction is characterized by a tolerance effect—a constant increase in dose is required to obtain the same effect. As a result, the inhibitory effect of the drug increases. The addict usually has a lack of coordination, slowness of speech and behavior.

The person is afraid that the drug will run out and goes to doctors to get a prescription.

With a sharp cessation of use or a reduction in dosage, withdrawal syndrome develops. There is no classic opium withdrawal, but the condition is extremely serious:

• Nervousness, irritability
• Sleep problems
• Fear, anxiety
• Muscle spasms
• Excessive sweating
• Depersonalization
• Nausea and vomiting
• Perception disorders
• Depression
• Convulsions
• Cardiopalmus
• Autonomic imbalance: a person feels hot and cold
• Acute psychosis - in rare cases

To quickly improve well-being, the addict takes another dose.

Symptoms

If there is an addiction to Phenazepam, there is no need to delay consultation with a narcologist. Narcology doctors provide assistance to patients dependent on pharmaceutical drugs.

Drug addicts use Phenazepam to feel a state of euphoria. At the same time, short periods of pleasure are accompanied by long periods of anger, irritability and loss of strength.

Addiction to the drug can manifest itself after 3 months. Tolerance to the drug is growing, the dose has to be systematically increased, which only aggravates the patient’s condition.

Symptoms of dependence on Phenazepam, for which it is necessary to begin treatment, are:

• pain in joints and muscles;
• migraine;
• tremor;
• numbness of some parts of the body;
• chills;
• increased sweating;
• changes in blood pressure and body temperature;
• vomiting and nausea;
• general weakness;
• lack of appetite;
• pain when urinating.

The intensity of physical symptoms may vary.

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Recreational use

Pathological addiction to benzodiazepine tranquilizers is widespread. Ease of dosing, availability and relatively low price have caused substance abuse not only in sick people, but also in healthy people. Among recreational users, the most common are those addicted to alcohol or drugs.

Clinical picture of substance abuse

It is believed that Phenazepam has a low potential for developing dependence. In practice, the key role is played by individual drug tolerance. Initial recreational dosages are not much different from therapeutic ones - 0.5-1.5 g. The clinic of drug intoxication is characterized by the following symptoms:

• euphoria
• eliminating anxiety, fears
• a good mood
• complacency
• relaxation
• slowing down the speed of perception
• feeling of weightlessness and lightness in the body
• problems with coordination of movements, unsteady gait
• talkativeness
• speech disorders
• paleness of the skin
• weakness
• first liveliness, then drowsiness
• bodily sensations (paresthesia) - a feeling of heat movement, stroking the skin, floating

The effectiveness of the tranquilizer rapidly decreases with prolonged use - tolerance develops. Possible cross-resistance to barbiturates and alcohol. Therefore, the dose required to feel euphoria and “high” can be several times higher than the initial one - more than 4-5 tablets.

Side effects

Undesirable reactions are most characteristic of the initial stage of addiction. The following side effects occur:

• nausea
• dizziness
• hiccups
• sweating
• incoordination of movements
• blurred vision
• sudden mood swings up to anger and aggression
• severe drowsiness
• decreased concentration
• forgetfulness
• excessive muscle weakness
• constipation or diarrhea, urinary incontinence
• decreased libido and erection
• allergic reactions
• fainting due to drop in blood pressure
• slow heartbeat
• with injection - thrombosis, phlebitis (inflammation along the veins), abscesses (suppuration)
• jaundice in acute toxic hepatitis

The outcome of long-term substance abuse is depression, memory impairment and decreased function of internal organs. Possible aggravation of existing psychoneurological disorders. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug causes “withdrawal” (withdrawal) - trembling of the limbs or the whole body, headache, cold sweat, hysteria, antisocial behavior.

Phenazepam for withdrawal symptoms: how does it work?

The medicine makes it possible to overcome the symptoms of increased anxiety, severe fear, insomnia, as well as many other psychological factors that arise in an addict when withdrawing from a drug or alcohol. Usually the doctor prescribes Phenazepam for about half a month or even several months. Please, if your doctor has prescribed Phenazepam for you to treat withdrawal symptoms, do not forget to take it in the prescribed dosage. It can end very badly if you experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms and overdose.

Let us remind you once again that Phenazepam is a pharmaceutical drug and it is also very difficult to wean yourself off it. If you miss taking phenazepam, you will end up experiencing withdrawal symptoms from both alcohol and phenazepam. In this case, you will receive a double blow. That is why, please watch the dosages. It is also worth remembering that if Phenazepam is mixed with alcohol, the withdrawal syndrome will intensify. That is why another condition for taking these medications is the fact that you should not drink alcohol at all.

What can happen to you if you take Phenazepam with alcohol. The person will develop a state of delirium, he will not be able to walk normally, his gait will be unsteady. The person will constantly want to sleep, he will not be able to collect his thoughts in order. Consciousness will be impaired, severe depression will haunt him. A feeling of euphoria may also accompany it. You must understand that an experienced doctor will prescribe Phenazepam only after the alcoholic has undergone all diagnostic tests of the body.

Description of the tranquilizer

"Phenazepam" is a tranquilizer from the group of benzodiazepines. This is a pretty powerful drug. In terms of the strength of its effect on the body, it surpasses many other similar drugs.

The active component of the tranquilizer (phenazepam) binds to special benzodiazepine receptors in the body. This promotes better absorption of chlorine ions by nerve cells and a decrease in neuron excitability.

A person’s anxiety and irritability disappear, and mental calm occurs. Sleep becomes deep and sound. In addition, the drug relaxes muscles and eliminates cramps.

About Glycine

In general, Glycine is considered a completely harmless medicine that is taken as a sedative.

Indications for use

• metabolic disorders in order to increase productivity
• stress
• psycho-emotional stress
• Helps reduce side effects from antipsychotics and sleeping pills
• auxiliary drug for alcohol withdrawal