People with mental disorders can be intuitively identified from photos

Signs of mental disorder in women. What is psychosis, signs of its manifestation and how to treat

If a person suddenly begins to behave completely inappropriately, they usually say about him that he has “gone crazy.” This colloquial expression usually hides a very specific medical diagnosis - psychosis or “a pronounced disorder of mental activity, in which mental reactions grossly contradict the real situation.”

This definition of psychosis belongs to the famous Russian scientist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity, better known to all of us from his famous experiments with reflexes in dogs. The great scientist practiced at the beginning of the 20th century, since then medicine and science have stepped forward, but his conclusions about the essence of psychosis and descriptions of this condition remain relevant today.

Causes of psychosis

Modern doctors believe that not a single person in the world is immune from the development of psychosis. Symptoms of psychotic disorders in adults and children can occur as a result of a variety of diseases and conditions, injuries, and brain disorders. The most common provoking factors include:

1. Unfavorable heredity. Scientists have identified at least one gene (ZNF804A) associated with psychosis, and have long proven that this condition may well be transmitted from parents to children
2. Brain injuries. The more serious the brain damage, the higher the risk of developing psychosis, and it may not appear immediately, but after a long time.
3. Alcohol or drug intoxication. Chemical poisoning of the brain that occurs when taking alcohol or drugs ultimately leads to the destruction of its individual structures and can provoke the development of many mental disorders, including psychosis.
4. Taking certain medications.
5. Diseases of the nervous system, such as epilepsy, stroke and so on.
6. Infectious diseases accompanied by disorders of brain activity.
7. Brain tumors.
8. Hormonal changes due to diseases or certain conditions - puberty, pregnancy, childbirth, and so on.
9. Deficiency of certain vitamins and electrolyte metabolism disorders (lack or excess of minerals) in the body.
10. Severe immune disorders.
11. Serious stress, traumatic events.

Causes of sexual deviations

The exact causes of sexual deviations are still unknown to doctors. This especially applies to severe perversions, especially necrophilia and necrosadism. The patient is not able to receive full sexual satisfaction from sexual relations and can only derive pleasure from perverted sexual manipulations.

The theory of genetic inheritance of diseases has not yet found clear confirmation. It is only known about the inheritance of a desire for homosexual relations as a result of receiving polymorphic genes from the mother. Other pathologies are considered acquired diseases.

The main causes of paraphilia are as follows:

• Fetal development disorders. Associated with illnesses and injuries suffered by the mother during pregnancy
• Consequences of postpartum trauma
• Hypothyroidism or hyperteriosis
• Hormonal imbalance
• Consequences of drug use
• Psychical deviations
• Consequences of psychological trauma

Mental disorders in adolescents. Mental disorders and illnesses in children and adolescents

Childhood and adolescence are important stages in the development of a person as an individual.

Mental disorders in children are often the result of improper upbringing, the presence of specific character traits in the child (for example, increased excitability or a tendency to depression), and in some cases there is a genetic predisposition to the pathology.

However, it cannot be said for sure that a child whose parents have one or another mental disorder will necessarily show symptoms of the disease. For a clinical picture to occur, a trigger is required - an irritating environmental factor.

In childhood, such a trigger can be a strong emotional shock (the death of a loved one). Sometimes a conflict situation with parents will be enough for the debut of a mental disorder. Therefore, it is very important to listen to your child, since any, even insignificant in your opinion, psychological problems can manifest themselves in the onset of mental illness.

Where does mental disorder come from?

The cognitive function is inherent in every person to one degree or another. The baby instinctively understands the intonation and emotional coloring of sentences. Children, due to their impressionability, are able to absorb both positive and negative information and are always open to something new.

It is not for nothing that schools conduct testing on the topic of their future profession; this allows them to competently approach the issue of working in society. Society molds children into people with certain habits, habits, and moral principles.

Therefore, any disapproval or a word said in jest can greatly affect the child’s psyche.

Mental illnesses in children can be divided into several categories:

• anxiety-phobic disorders;
• schizophrenia;
• dissocial personality disorder;
• depression.

The disease can manifest itself suddenly against the background of absolute psycho-emotional well-being. In this case, attentive parents can take the child to a psychotherapist and begin correcting his behavior in a timely manner.

But sometimes, especially with low-grade schizophrenia, personality disorders are gradual.

The debut of this mental disorder is often considered a “game of hormones” against the backdrop of puberty and is not taken seriously by others.

Types of mental disorders

• Anxiety-phobic disorder. Fear is a normal human defense mechanism. But if for some reason the child perceives information from the outside as hostile, then a persistent pathology of perception of the surrounding world is formed. Children with this mental disorder most often experience fear of the dark, heights, and loneliness. Of course, phobias can develop in relation to any subject, it depends on the traumatic situation that led to the disease.
• Schizophrenia is a chronic disease with a hereditary predisposition. Early signs include isolation, apathy, reluctance to learn and communicate with peers, and aggressiveness. In the future, hallucinations, voices and “echoes of thoughts in the head” are added. It can occur in children and adolescents, but symptoms most often begin during puberty.
• A disorder in the social sphere is the reluctance and inability to obey norms that are obviously correct in society. The problem most often lies in the incorrect upbringing of the child.
• Depression. Often appears in adolescence. Constant internal tension and the inability to get out of a stressful situation provokes a loss of meaning in life, the world appears in gray colors.

Treatment of sexual deviations

The study and treatment of sexual deviations first began in the 19th century. The book “Sexual Psychopathy” is considered the first scientific monograph devoted to sexual deviations. Later, Sigmund Freud, based on earlier research, introduced a classification of the development of libido in humans

According to Freud's research, there are five phases of development of erogenous zones:

• Oral. Develops in infancy and promotes the production of oral receptors
• Anal. Develops between 1 and 3 years of age
• Gender self-identification phase
• Latent phase – period of socialization
• Puberty

Deviation in development at a certain phase largely contributes to the development of sexual deviations.

Mental disorders symptoms. A symptom of mental illness is impaired thinking

The second group of signs of mental illness are symptoms of thinking disorders.
The patient's pace of thinking may change. It can speed up so much that the patient does not have time to express his thoughts and experiences in words. When speaking, he misses words and entire phrases. A similar condition is observed more often in a state of mania during manic-depressive psychosis. The state of slow thinking is characterized by inhibition of patients; they answer in monosyllables, with long pauses between words. These symptoms of mental illness are characteristic of depression, dementia, and stupor.

Sometimes they talk about the viscosity of thinking. In this condition the patient is very detailed. If he is asked to talk about something, he gets stuck for a long time on minor details and has difficulty getting to the most important part of the story. It is extremely difficult to listen to such people. The viscosity of thinking reflects its rigidity; occurs in organic brain lesions, epilepsy.

Thinking disorders also include so-called reasoning - a tendency to empty ranting and philosophizing.

The fragmentation of thinking is manifested in the fact that individual phrases are not connected with each other; The phrases of such patients are completely impossible to understand.

Reasoning and fragmented thinking are more common in schizophrenia.

Symptoms of neuropsychiatric diseases such as disorders of the content of thinking can be divided into obsessive, overvalued and delusional ideas.

Obsessive states include conditions that occur in patients against their will; patients evaluate them critically and try to resist them.

For example, obsessive doubts are constant uncertainty about the correctness of actions and actions. This haunting unknown exists in defiance of reason and logic. Patients check 10 times whether the appliances are turned off, whether the doors are closed, etc.

Intrusive memories are intrusive memories of an unnecessary, often unpleasant fact or event.

Obsessive abstract thoughts - constantly scrolling through various abstract concepts in the head, operating with numbers.

The content of obsessive contrasting thoughts contradicts the patient’s worldview; they are blasphemous or blasphemous.

There is a large group of symptoms of neuropsychic disorders such as obsessive fears and phobias. These are fears of getting sick: alienophobia (fear of going crazy), cancerophobia (fear of cancer), cardiophobia (fear of heart disease), vertigophobia (fear of fainting), mysophobia (fear of pollution, which can lead to an infectious disease); fears of space: agoraphobia (fear of open space), claustrophobia (closed space), acrophobia (fear of heights); social phobias: lalophobia (fear of speaking, speaking in front of listeners, fear of incorrect pronunciation of words, stuttering), mythophobia (fear of telling a lie), eretophobia (fear of blushing), gynecophobia (fear of communicating with women) and androphobia (with men). There are also zoophobia (fear of animals), triskaidekaphobia (fear of the number “13”), phobophobia (fear of fear) and many others.

Obsessive ideas can be observed in obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia.

With overvalued ideas, logically based beliefs arise that are based on real events, associated with personality traits, and extremely emotionally charged. They encourage a person to engage in narrowly focused activities, which often leads to maladjustment. Criticism remains for highly valuable ideas, and there is the possibility of their correction.

Types of sexual deviations

Sexual deviations are divided into several categories and are designated in ICD-10. From time to time, types of sexual deviations are replenished after the discovery of new types of perversions.

The most common ones, which affect both sexes, are:

• Exhibitionism. Getting satisfaction from showing others your genitals and public nudity
• Frotteurism. Imitation of sexual intercourse by rubbing the body or genitals against the body of another person, thereby achieving sexual release
• Gerontophilia. Patients are excited by older people, but younger people are not interested
• Coprophilia. The desire to derive pleasure from sexual manipulation of feces
• Bestiality. Sexual attraction to animals
• Fetishism. Excitation is achieved from a certain item of clothing or any other item that the patient associates with an exciting image. Without it, pleasure from sexual intercourse cannot be achieved
• Sadism. The patient does not enjoy normal sexual intercourse without causing pain to the partner. Characterized by a desire for dominance through widespread sadistic entertainment or strangulation. This category of patients is more likely than others to commit sexual crimes
• Masochism. The desire to receive suffering and pain

All of the above sexual deviations, one way or another, are a pathology that must be treated by all possible means. There are several subgroups for sexual deviations.

Prevention of sexual deviations

In most cases, sexual deviations are a consequence of psychological trauma. Therefore, prevention is impossible. Your doctor can help you avoid relapse.

For this purpose, the method of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy is used. The doctor helps the patient understand the causes of the disease and overcome the psychological barrier for subsequent recovery.

We guarantee an individual approach to each patient. In our clinic you will receive timely medical care at any stage of disease development.

The clinic guarantees complete confidentiality and medical confidentiality.

Psychological sexual deviations

This category includes perversions that are permanent, but not dangerous for the patient and others. Of all the things listed under the definition of “psychological sexual deviations”:

• Fetishism
• Masochism

There are also some other types of psychological sexual deviations. The symbol itself plays a role here. A patient with sexual perversion has a certain arousing image. This could be the style of clothing, the items themselves, or the type of appearance of the partner.

As a rule, for the patient this is a consequence of the sensations he experienced in childhood from what he has ever experienced from sex, or has seen with his own eyes, which is imprinted in his memory as an exciting image.

Fetishism or masochism can be periodic and can occur in a rather vague form in many patients. Addictions can be mild and unnoticeable. For example, patients resort to this kind of activity in order to diversify their sex life.

paranoid psychosis

The paranoid form develops independently or as part of schizophrenia or alcohol/drug addiction. Characterized by delusional states, sometimes in combination with a severe affective disorder. In women it manifests itself in the form of pathological jealousy, erotomania, hysteria, slurred monologues, hallucinations, and phobias.

Excessive suspicion appears

Sexual deviations in men

It should be noted that sexual deviations are more common in men than in women. The list of sexual perversions characteristic of men includes six items.

The following pathologies fall under the definition of “male sexual deviations”:

• Homosexuality. Sometimes it turns into bisexuality. It involves the patient’s attraction to members of the same sex. In the latter case, “jumps” from men to women and back are typical. Since many homosexuals switched to bisexual relationships, there was no consensus among doctors about whether this condition was normal or not
• Fetish expressed in transvestism. A man likes to dress in women's clothes, from which he gets aroused, and also uses a woman's image during sexual intercourse. Occurs among both heterosexual and homosexual men
• Vuairezim. Expressed in the desire to observe the sexual relationships of other people. Such people are characterized by excessive passion for pornography
• Morphophilia. Expressed in sexual attraction to women with a high degree of obesity
• Macrogynophilia. Expressed in sexual attraction to very tall women
• Pygmalionism. The patient is characterized by a desire for sexual contact with dolls and sculptures

List of sexual deviations

In addition to the perversions listed in ICD-10, there are other types of sexual deviation. The list of sexual deviations is updated from time to time. Among them there are some that are not quite typical:

• Dendrophilia. Sexual satisfaction is achieved by the patient by rubbing and touching the genitals on tree trunks
• Klysmophilia. Orgasm is achieved by introducing various fluids through the genital or anal route.
• Merinthophilia. One of the varieties of fetish. To obtain complete satisfaction for the patient, it is imperative that he is first wrapped in bandages or bandages, like a mummy.
• Axillism. Consists of the desire for sexual manipulation of a partner’s armpits
• Plushophilia. The patient seeks to have sexual intercourse with toys

Many deviations are quite rare, so little is known about them. However, if normal sexual intercourse is not enough for a person to achieve complete sexual satisfaction, this is a reason to consult a doctor.