OLFA: calm, only calm!

The modern world is full of stress and reasons for irritation. Chronic fatigue and depression have become the number one problem in the last decade. People are trying to escape through hobbies: sports, sewing, modeling, looking for ways to escape from the depressing reality. But most often this path ends in a psychotherapist’s chair. Neurologists, psychiatrists and ordinary clinical psychologists often prescribe the new drug Adaptol to their patients. What is it and is it safe to use for chronic stress and depression?

Spectrum of action

In terms of its chemical composition, the drug is close to natural components produced by the body. The main point of action of the drug is the limbic-reticular complex. In addition, according to the instructions, Adaptol tablets affect four mediator systems:

• serotonin;
• adrenalin;
• cholinergic system;
• gamma-aminobutyric acid.

The medication does not have a peripheral blocking effect, namely, it does not lower blood pressure due to the process of relaxation of the muscle layer of the vascular wall.

According to reviews from patients who took Adaptol, the drug instantly eliminates anxiety symptoms, irritability, anxiety, and emotional stress. At the same time, bringing the emotional background back to normal is not accompanied by a failure in coordination of movements, as well as muscle relaxation.

"Adaptol" does not reduce mental activity, and also does not affect motor coordination indicators. Because of this, the drug can be used by both students and working citizens.

This tranquilizer does not provoke a feeling of euphoria or unreasonable joy in the patient.

The active substance in monotherapy does not have a hypnotic effect, but when taken simultaneously with other sedative medications, it reduces their effect.

Constant use of the medication can completely eliminate or greatly alleviate the symptoms of nicotine abstinence.

According to the instructions and reviews from doctors, Adaptol increases attention and performance.

After a single dose of the drug, the active substance is absorbed in the digestive system by eighty percent. In this case, the maximum content of the active microelement in the blood is recorded after thirty minutes and persists for four hours.

About half of the taken dosage of the drug binds to red blood cells, the rest is in a free state.

Possibilities of using adaptol in clinical practice

• Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof. V.R. Mkrtchyan,
• Doctor of Medical Sciences, Prof., Honored Russian scientist V.A. Orlov,
• asp. L.Z. Kozhokova

Adaptol (active ingredient tetramethyltetraazabicyclooctanedione, mebicarum, OlinePharm JSC) is positioned as a drug with a wide range of clinical activity, possessing the properties of tranquilizers, nootropics, adaptogens, biocorrectors, antidepressants, lipid-lowering and antianginal agents.
Such a wide spectrum of therapeutic action is not inherent in, perhaps, any of the known drugs. Analysis of the studies conducted allows us to confidently say that adaptol has a clear tranquilizing effect. This effect of the drug is due to its normalizing effect on the balance of activity of various neurotransmitter systems of the brain: activating in relation to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and weakening in relation to the excitatory neurotransmitters - norepinephrine and glutamate, as well as a normalizing effect on the relationship between adrenergic and serotonergic effects. The drug acts on the activity of structures included in the limbic-reticular complex, in particular on the emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus. It exhibits clear central adrenolytic activity and does not have a peripheral adrenolytic effect. Like antipsychotics, it changes the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Even in high concentrations it has no effect on isolated smooth muscle organs. Acting on the serotonergic system of the body, in small and medium doses it enhances the effect of the serotonin precursor tryptophan. It was experimentally established that the drug significantly increases the content of serotonin in the brain stem of rats.

Adaptol, being a derivative of bicyclic biureas, is a separate chemical group of tranquilizers; the drug has a pronounced anxiolytic, vegetative stabilizing, and sedative effect. Adaptol does not cause muscle relaxation, impaired coordination of movements, and does not have a hypnotic effect; it only enhances the effect of hypnotics, normalizing sleep phases. The anxiolytic effect of Adaptol consists of suppressing negative emotions, without affecting positive ones, which distinguishes it from diazepam, the use of which enhances positive emotions, which can lead to a kind of “euphoric” effect.

The drug is also used in psychiatry and to improve the tolerability of neuroleptics (reduces the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine on the speed of reactions without enhancing the hepatotropic negative effects of chlorpromazine, has a reducing effect on neurotic and somatovegetative disorders that have arisen as side effects of neuroleptic therapy, compared with cyclodol and piracetam more intensely affecting vegetative-vascular disorders) and benzodiazepine tranquilizers (causes a decrease in muscle relaxation and an increase in the speed of psychomotor processes), antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs. At the same time, the therapeutic effectiveness of these drugs increases. Thus, adaptol does not cause pronounced behavioral toxicity and is a daytime tranquilizer that allows you to fully maintain performance when taking it.

A high degree of safety is evidenced by the intake of 30 g (100 tablets) of the drug by 2 patients with suicidal goals, which did not cause them any harm. There is a known patient who took 60 or 80 mebicarum tablets per day for 2 months as self-medication. They underwent 2 such courses, and there were no signs of intoxication in the blood, and the patient’s subjective well-being during treatment was impeccable.

The drug does not interact with other drugs and food, no metabolites are formed when it is taken, and it is excreted from the body unchanged in urine and feces. It does not accumulate in the body, and therefore there is no addiction to the drug, therefore 2-3-month courses of continuous therapy with adaptol are allowed.

The properties of adaptol make it possible to prescribe it in childhood. In child psychiatry, it is used for residual organic brain failure with a prevailing neurosis-like syndrome (sleeping, sleepwalking, night terrors), addictive behavior (hashish, heroin in combination with smoking), neuroleptic syndrome (with early dyskinesia). The drug has the most pronounced effect on affective disorders that accompany neurolepsy (anxiety, fear). To relieve neurolepsy, it is combined with benzodiszepine tranquilizers. The drug is used for neurasthenia - irritable weakness (increased excitability and easy exhaustion), anxiety-phobic disorders (anxiety, neurotic phobias, anxiety disorder due to fear of separation in childhood, generalized anxiety disorders, specific phobias, social phobias), obsessive-compulsive disorders (obsessive states). A feature of the listed disorders in children is the insufficiency or absence of personal awareness of existing disorders, the predominance of somatovegetative or movement disorders.

Unlike adults, in whom the maximum single dose of adaptol can reach 3 g, and the daily dose is 10 g, children aged 5-7 years adaptol are prescribed 0.5 g / day, at the age of 7-10 years - 0.75 g / day , at the age of 10-14 years - 1.0 g / day, at the age of 14 years and older - 1.0-1.5 g / day.

The course of continuous treatment is 1-2 months. Improvement can be observed in the 1st week of therapy. Single therapeutic doses are selected individually: from 0.1 to 0.3 g for residual organic failure; from 0.3 to 0.6 for addictive behavior, frequency of administration 2-3 times a day. The effect is observed already on the 2-3rd day of administration. The duration of treatment is 3 months for residual organic failure and 3-4 weeks for addictive behavior.

It should be noted that in pediatrics, adaptol begins to be used from 5-7 years of age. This means the possibility of its use in premenstrual syndrome, as in the literature there is data on the effectiveness of adaptol therapy from the 14th-18th day of the menstrual cycle until the onset of menstrual bleeding, 2-3 courses of treatment. The drug eliminates vegetative-vascular dystonia and emotional manifestations of the disease. However, no studies have been conducted in girls aged 11–14 years.

It can be assumed that the drug has a positive effect in adolescents with psychovegetative disorders of various origins.

In addition, adaptol is recommended for parents when initially contacting a psychiatrist in a state of anxiety, anxious anticipation of a “terrible” diagnosis in a child.

The use of the drug in obstetric practice revealed its affinity for placental membranes; the drug accumulates in the placenta and causes a pronounced dilating effect on the uterine and placental vessels. The use of mebicarum led to the normalization of disorders in all parts of the functional system mother-placenta-fetus. The drug increases the specific activity of the kallikrein-kinin system, which enhances the vasodilator effect. The use of mebicarum normalized the condition of the fetus during hypoxia due to the normalization of uteroplacental blood flow and a direct effect on the functions of fetal centers that regulate homeostasis and activation of the hormonal function of the placenta. The drug was used starting from the 28th week of pregnancy at the rate of 20-25 mg per 1 kg of body weight of the pregnant woman in 4-5 doses per day for 6-7 days. The vasodilating effect of mebicarum occurred on days 2-3 and persisted for a long time.

The nootropic effect of adaptol can also be considered proven. Even in studies on mebicarum, comparison of the nootropic effect of the drug with piracetam and pyriditol made it possible to identify a harmonious spectrum of nootropic action of mebicarum. In elderly patients with organic brain lesions and schizophrenia with a disease duration of more than 10 years, mebicarum monotherapy for 3-4 weeks in doses of 0.3-1.5 g/day was more effective than compared drugs in patients with symptoms of hyperesthesia, emotional and vegetative lability, increased emotional excitability and intense emotional experiences. Clinical manifestations of weakened memory and understanding were subject to greater reduction. At the same time, pyriditol was superior to compared drugs in its effect on abulia, motor retardation, decreased affect, and increased exhaustion, and piracetam was most effective in ideational retardation and was comparable to pyriditol in its effect on apathy. Vasovegetative disorders decreased with treatment with all drugs to the same extent. The authors associate the harmonious nature of the nootropic spectrum of action of mebicarum with its optimizing effect on the thinking of patients. At the same time, the stimulating component in the action of pyriditol and piracetam introduces fussiness and irritability into the behavior of patients, and reduces the active inhibition necessary for targeted volitional and intellectual efforts. In addition, mebicarum had a normalizing effect on deficit thinking disorders in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, reduced symptoms such as paralogy, reasoning, incoherence, and did not stimulate any disorders in this area. Mebicarum contributed to a change in the type of thinking from the “right hemisphere” - emotional, concrete and figurative, to the “left hemisphere” - predominantly verbal, abstract and logical, and piracetam enhanced the “right hemisphere” features of thinking - emotionality, imagery and concreteness. The dose dependence of the nootropic effect of mebicarum has been established. When prescribing small doses of the drug (0.9 g/day), the psychostimulating and antidepressant effect is more pronounced, at medium doses (1.8-2.7 g/day) - antiasthenic and nootropic, at high doses (4.5 g/day) ) - sedative.

According to data obtained by S.A. Zhivolupov et al., adaptol improves neuroplasticity processes by increasing the level of one of the neurotrophic growth factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in patients with certain functional and organic diseases of the nervous system. The use of the drug in complex therapy of patients with somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the consequences of closed craniocerebral injury, in addition to regression of clinical symptoms, 30 days after the start of treatment led to a significant increase in the level of BDNF in the blood, and this effect was dose-dependent and more pronounced at a daily dose of adaptol 3000 mg than at a dose of 1500 mg.

Many studies have noted the ability of the drug to normalize the functioning parameters of various, sometimes multidirectional, changes in many body systems. When treated with adaptol, the tolerability of conditions that require tension in adaptation processes improves, which is considered as the adaptogenic activity of this drug. Thus, in patients with long-term consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation, 16 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, who received against the background of traditional therapy (nootropics, cardiotrophics, vascular drugs, vitamins) mebicarum for 2 weeks on the 1st day - 300 mg, during 2-3 days - 600 mg, then 900 mg (300 mg 3 times a day) until the end of the course, the effectiveness of therapy increased on average 2 times for leading symptoms (irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbances, blood pressure normalized and heart activity, decreased severity of headaches and shortness of breath during emotional experiences) and decreased addiction to smoking. Moreover, positive results were achieved already in the 1st week of treatment.

In case of tobacco addiction, data have been obtained on a decrease in the desire to smoke and alleviation of withdrawal disorders with the use of mebicarum in complex therapy at a dose of 0.6 g 3 times a day for 3-4 weeks.

Mebicarum in doses of 1.5-2.1 g/day for 3-4 weeks eliminates or weakens the severity of borderline mental disorders in patients with alcoholism - asthenia, irritability, emotional lability, dysphoria, craving for alcohol. In addition, mebicarum increases the synthesis of endogenous alcohol in the body of patients by approximately 75% - 2 times more than after taking sodium hydroxybutyrate, and 4 times more than after taking seduxen. It is the increase in the concentration of alcohol in the blood of patients to normal that leads to a decrease and disappearance of the need for alcohol after taking 1.5 g of mebicarum.

In the treatment of chronic alcoholism with the calculation of an individual dosage regimen, based on an assessment of the drug content in the blood plasma during the development of the tranquilizing effect, after taking a single dose, effective elimination of psychopathological disorders was ensured.

According to the data available in the literature, the use of the drug is considered effective for non-coronary cardialgia of various origins, with the exception of cardialgia associated with spinal osteochondrosis. In climacteric syndrome, mebicarum affects the manifestations of cardiac syndrome: eliminates or weakens pain, shortness of breath, palpitations; normalizes repolarization processes in the myocardium and central hemodynamic parameters. Also eliminates or weakens other manifestations of menopausal syndrome: hot flashes, paresthesia, headaches, fatigue; normalizes sleep. It is known that currently, menopausal syndrome is considered largely as a process of adaptation of the body to new conditions of hormonal regulation.

If the listed properties of adaptol can largely be explained by its central mechanism of action, then the remaining described effects of the drug clearly require explanation.

So, according to L.O. Gromova et al., in the mechanisms of action of adaptol there is a direct antioxidant effect, which consists in the ability to inhibit the peroxidation of not only lipids, but also proteins.

When using the drug as a tranquilizer, its hypolipidemic effect was noted.

Mebicarum at a dose of 1.8 g/day for 3 weeks reduced the content of total cholesterol (TC) in the blood plasma by 36%, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) by 28%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) by 20.4%, triglycerides (TG) - by 23% and increased the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) - by 47% compared to the initial level. At a dose of 1.2 g/day, after 2 weeks of treatment, mebicarum reduced the level of total cholesterol in the blood plasma by 28%, LDL cholesterol by 21% and increased the level of HDL cholesterol by 32%. According to the same authors, the drug corrects the proatherogenic effect of β-blockers. To clarify whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of mebicarum is a consequence of its psychotropic activity or this is its original specific property, a comparative experimental study was conducted on the effect of mebicarum (250 mg/kg) and diazepam (2 mg/kg) on ​​lipid metabolism in rats. Mebicarum, unlike diazepam, reduced the level of LDL cholesterol by 27.4% and increased the level of HDL cholesterol by 48%. This indicates that the antihyperlipidemic effect of mebicarum is not related to its psychotropic activity, but is a specific feature.

In an experiment on rats, hypokinesia for 14 days led to a decrease in animal body weight, an increase in the relative weight of the adrenal glands, an increase in the content of total cholesterol, TG, malondialdehyde and a decrease in the level of HDL cholesterol and phospholipids. The use of mebicarum not only prevented a decrease in the body weight of rats and an increase in the mass of the adrenal glands, but also led to a decrease in total cholesterol, TG and the level of malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in the content of HDL cholesterol and phospholipids, which made it possible to state that mebicarum has a combination of adaptogenic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties .

A similar antihyperlipidemic effect of the drug was found when reproducing nutritional hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Thus, mebicarum also has an antihyperlipidemic effect in models of hypercholesterolemia not associated with stress effects on lipid metabolism.

Unlike benzodiazepine tranquilizers, mebicarum enhances the contractile function of the myocardium, increases systolic and cardiac output, and accelerates blood flow in the aorta. The cardiac stimulating effect of the drug is also manifested in an isolated heart and in conditions of blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors of the heart. Mebicarum increases the volumetric velocity of coronary blood flow, the strength and duration of this effect depends on the dose of the drug and ranges from 15 to 35 minutes. In parallel with the increase in coronary blood flow, the absorption of oxygen by the heart increases, but to a much lesser extent, therefore the content of oxyhemoglobin in the venous blood increases. Experiments on various models of acute coronary insufficiency (ligation of the descending branch of the left coronary artery, dosed narrowing of the coronary artery with simultaneous imposition of a high contraction rhythm on the heart) revealed a positive effect of mebicarum on ischemic myocardium: ST segment elevation decreased, the ratio of lactate and pyruvate in the blood flowing from the heart was normalized. ischemic zones.

At doses of 200-500 mg/kg, mebicarum expanded the peripheral (femoral) arteries, reducing their resistance to blood flow, which was not due to a direct myotropic effect, but was realized through neurogenic sympathetic tone. At the same doses, mebicarum suppressed the bioelectrical activity of the sympathetic nerves of the kidneys and heart.

According to clinical studies, a good and satisfactory antianginal effect was observed in approximately 70% of patients with angina pectoris. Their mood improved, the number of anginal attacks and daily consumption of nitroglycerin decreased by 2-4 times. In patients with angina pectoris of functional class II, tolerance to dosed physical activity increased. The authors believe that for angina of functional class I and II, mebicarum can be considered as an independent antianginal agent; for more severe angina, it is recommended to be used in combination with nitrates and β-adrenergic blockers.

Mebicarum had an analgesic effect in the acute period of myocardial infarction (MI), enhanced the analgesic effect of fentanyl and eliminated its side effects on the cardiovascular system.

The use of mebicarum during the rehabilitation period in patients who had suffered an MI helped to improve their coronary blood flow, expand the range of physical activities, and reduce fear of them. According to I.E. Zimakova et al., improvement of oxygen balance in the heart muscle occurred due to an increase in coronary blood flow, antihypoxic effect, decrease in blood viscosity and intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes.

Patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis and the presence of psychosomatic pathology (high level of personal anxiety, anxious-asthenic, anxious-phobic states) in addition to standard therapy with nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, disaggregants, statins, trimetazidine in one group were prescribed the anxiolytic adaptol at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day, on the other - standard therapy and placebo adaptol. Observation continued for 1 month. An assessment of the quality of life showed that the addition of adaptol contributed to an increase in mental resistance to stressful situations and an improvement in the psychological adaptation of patients who had suffered an MI. Indicators of social functioning remained virtually unchanged in both groups. The antianginal effect of adaptol was observed due to a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks that occurred after psycho-emotional stress, with angina pectoris of physical exertion; there were no differences between the groups.

Among the patients included in the study, an analysis of the quality of life in chronic heart failure stages I-IIA was carried out in both groups. In the adaptol group, the quality of life increased in a significantly larger number of patients due to the physical and emotional spheres, in the group receiving standard therapy and placebo, mainly due to improved physical indicators.

In a later study of the therapeutic potential of adaptol in the early post-infarction period (3-4 weeks after MI) in patients with anxiety disorders, the authors concluded that adaptol at a dose of 1500-2000 mg/day after 28-30 days of therapy has an anxiolytic, stress-protective, vegetative-normalizing and anti-asthenic effects, eliminates sleep disturbances by accelerating the process of falling asleep, reducing the number of night and early morning awakenings; reduces the sympathetic effect on the activity of the heart, helping to normalize autonomic reactivity. The authors indicate that the administration of adaptol as part of basic therapy improves the clinical course of the post-infarction period, reduces the number of anginal attacks, while reducing the frequency of taking nitroglycerin tablets, and increases the distance covered during the 6-minute walk test. At the same time, no adverse interaction of adaptol with drugs in the basic therapy of chronic heart failure: nitrates, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics was detected.

According to available data, in addition to the work of R.A. Camburg et al. (1986), which indicates the possibility of considering adaptol as an independent antianginal agent, all subsequent work proves an increase in the antianginal effect in patients with angina pectoris and in the post-infarction period only if angina pectoris was caused by stress or the presence of anxiety disorders. Thus, the question of whether adaptol has an independent antianginal effect remains open.

The inclusion of adaptol in addition to antihypertensive therapy in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis with hypertension was accompanied by more pronounced positive dynamics in the variability of systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the day and night than in the placebo group.

The inclusion of adaptol in the treatment regimen increased the severity of the lipid-lowering effect of the combination of statins and adaptol compared to statins. According to L.A. Lapshina, P.G. Kravchun, O.S. Shevchenko (2008), correction of psychopathological manifestations and oxidative stress by adaptol in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction is evidence of the specific effect of adaptol in correcting the lipid composition of the blood and seems especially important in patients who have suffered an acute MI.

Compared with standard therapy for patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis, the addition of adaptol to it led to a more pronounced positive effect on the processes of free radical oxidation (decrease in pro-oxidant and increase in antioxidant activity). V.N. Kovalenko et al. (2006) showed that the addition of adaptol to the complex therapy of hypertension and neurocirculatory dystonia contributed to the improvement of heart rate variability parameters with a decrease in the activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, restoring its balance with normalization of the regulation of heart activity.

In the work of L.M. Vasilets et al. The structure of heart rhythm disturbances and the features of temporal analysis of heart rate variability in patients with the syndrome and phenomenon of premature excitation of the ventricles were studied. It was shown that the use of adaptol in a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day for 60 days against the background of antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone helped to reduce autonomic imbalance and reduced the arrhythmogenic readiness of the myocardium.

The antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-ischemic effects of the drug obtained experimentally and clinically cannot in any way be due only to the studied central mechanisms of its action. And if the antioxidant effect of the drug can also be explained by the fact that the drug molecule contains two methylated urea fragments, and urea is considered as a reference antioxidant, then the antihyperlipidemic and antianginal effects of the drug cannot be associated only with its central and antioxidant action. In this regard, it is of particular interest to directly study the mechanisms of the drug’s influence on lipid metabolism, the peroxidation system, and especially coronary blood flow, both experimentally and in clinical practice, especially taking into account the effect of the drug on the chemical activity of water.

There is evidence that extremely high-frequency (EHF; millimeter waves) irradiation stimulates cellular receptors of a protein nature due to the activation of the aqueous component of the extracellular fluid. At the same time, the fraction of mobile, chemically active H2O molecules increases. The introduction into the biological environment of certain low-molecular substances that destabilize the structure of water can simulate the effects of EHF irradiation. This effect is inherent in urea. Under its influence, the generation of a fraction of mobile water molecules in solution and, along with this, the depletion of a fraction of bulk water not included in the fraction of mobile molecules was revealed. Depletion of the bulk water fraction was correlated with the instability of proteins such as chymotrypsinogen and serum albumin (denaturation). The authors believe that since the unfolding of the protein globule is preceded by an increase in intraglobular mobility, the denaturation effect manifests both direct and indirect effects of urea on protein dynamics through the destruction of the water structure.

The structural determinant of the urea fragment, which is responsible for its ability to generate mobile water molecules, has been established: the presence of two close and parallel N–H bonds.

Similar properties were found in mebicarum. Urea and mebicarum activate water as a nucleophilic reagent. An increase in the chemical activity of water is associated with the destruction of the structure of water, i.e. with an increase in the proportion of rotator molecules. Most likely, all this determines the unusually wide range of pharmaceutical activity of the anxiolytic mebicarum without its inclusion in metabolism and in the absence of specific receptors.

The above can largely shed light on the unique, multifaceted spectrum of clinical effectiveness of adaptol and proves the need for a deeper study and detailed mechanisms of action of the drug in such various pathological processes both in the clinic and in experiments.

5.0

02

Indications

"Adaptol" is prescribed for use in the presence of the following conditions and deviations, for example:

1. Neuroses (functional disorders of higher nervous activity of psychogenic origin).
2. Emotional instability (mental illness characterized by loss of control).
3. Fear (a negatively colored emotion that occurs in response to danger or threat).
4. Anxiety (negative emotion that expresses a feeling of uncertainty, bad feeling).
5. Irritability (an emotional state characterized by an acute feeling of disappointment or annoyance).
6. Cardialgia (a pathological condition characterized by the occurrence of pain in the left side of the chest).
7. VSD during menopause (a polyetiological syndrome characterized by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system).
8. Relief of symptoms of nicotine addiction.

Indications for taking Adaptol tablets

Neurologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists write a prescription for the drug if they complain of the following diseases and symptoms:

• neuroses and neurosis-like conditions;
• phenomena of irritability, outbursts of aggression, emotional instability, anxiety and fear;
• severe premenstrual syndrome in women;
• psychosomatic disorders of various etiologies;
• for various phobias of a chronic nature;
• to improve the tolerability of neuroleptics, to eliminate the somatovegetative side effects they cause;
• for cardialgia of various etiologies;
• with delayed psycho-speech development in children and adolescents;
• with early childhood autism;
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
• with withdrawal and post-withdrawal syndromes characteristic of the period of refusal of ethanol-containing drinks for people with chronic alcoholism;
• in complex therapy as a means of reducing the desire to smoke tobacco.

How to take the medicine correctly?

"Adaptol" in tablet form must be taken orally at a dose of five hundred milligrams (one tablet) two to three times a day, depending on the severity of symptoms. In this case, the duration of therapy can vary from a couple of days to several months.

As a drug that can reduce symptoms of abstinence, Adaptol should be taken orally from five hundred to one thousand milligrams (one or two capsules) three times a day, the duration of treatment is twenty-one days.

According to the instructions for use of Adaptol, it is known that the capsules can be taken regardless of nutrition. In most cases, patients are recommended to use three hundred to five hundred milligrams of the active ingredient two to three times a day.

The drug is prescribed for a period from two days to three months, depending on the diagnosis and characteristics of the course of the disease. The instructions for use of the drug indicate that the maximum single dosage of the active substance is three grams, the maximum daily dosage is ten grams. When treating nicotine addiction, the drug is prescribed in a dosage of 0.9 grams three times a day.

The medication may have a negative effect on your ability to drive, as it may cause weakness and dizziness (due to low blood pressure). It is recommended to discontinue the use of Adaptol if allergic manifestations occur in the form of skin itching or skin rashes.

As a rule, the drug is well tolerated by patients. The drug is practically non-toxic, but with a significant increase in dosage it can cause increased side effects:

1. Hypotension (a long-term condition of the body characterized by low blood pressure).
2. Dizziness.
3. Migraine (a neurological disease, the most common and characteristic symptom of which is episodic or regular severe pain).
4. Dyspeptic disorders (functional disorders of the digestive system).

To eliminate these signs, it is recommended to rinse the stomach and carry out comprehensive and detoxification treatment.

Cost and purchase rules

The package will cost approximately 500-600 rubles, depending on the region and the markup of the pharmacy chain. The box contains two blisters, each containing ten tablets. The rather high cost is justified by the difficulty of extracting the main active ingredient.

The instructions for Adaptol warn that it can only be purchased with a doctor’s prescription. However, many unscrupulous pharmacies sell without regulatory documents. So it is quite possible to purchase Adaptol without a prescription - but in this case, the unlucky patient himself will be responsible for the side effects.

At what age is it allowed to take it?

According to the instructions for use, it is not recommended to take the drug before the age of eighteen. This is due to the lack of information about children's reactions to this medicine. But many doctors allow the use of this drug in pediatrics if there are grounds for such a prescription.

Moreover, the minimum age of a patient who is prescribed Adaptol is usually from nine to ten years. Even experienced doctors do not recommend the medicine for children aged eight, six or younger, because the reaction to the medicine in children can be unpredictable. For example, taking Adaptol before bed together with antipsychotics can cause apnea, which threatens the baby’s life at night.

In addition, the child’s kidneys or liver may not be able to cope with this drug. And although the drug has excellent tolerability, the likelihood of negative manifestations before the age of ten years is very high. If Adaptol was prescribed by an experienced pediatrician, then any reactions of the child’s body will be under his control.

Negative reactions

In most cases, therapy with the drug "Adaptol" is well tolerated, due to the fact that the main microelement is close to natural molecules (in its chemical structure), present in all cells of the body and necessary for life.

In addition, it is important to be careful when using the drug "Adaptol" if a person has chronic liver and kidney diseases, or with low blood pressure.

You should not drink alcohol while taking medication. This combination can cause a drop in blood pressure (even to the point of fainting), as well as the appearance of heaviness in the head. There is evidence that after drinking strong drinks while taking the drug Adaptol, problems developed in the functioning of the central nervous system, which were manifested by loss of orientation in space and memory disorders.

The combined use of Adaptol with alcoholic beverages can lead to vegetative-vascular dystonia and panic attacks. In rare situations, alcohol provokes neutralization of the effects of the drug. From the above, we can conclude that it is better not to drink alcohol during therapy with Adaptol.

Side effects of Adaptol are rarely recorded. Sometimes the following symptoms may appear:

1. Allergic reactions.
2. Dizziness.
3. Bronchospasm (pathology that occurs when the muscles of the bronchi are activated and their lumen is reduced).
4. Weakness.
5. A decrease in body temperature below the standard (thirty-five degrees).
6. Skin itching.
7. Reduced arterial blood pressure.
8. Malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Peculiarities

Sometimes, when using the drug, side effects occur (Adaptol), body temperature may drop below the standard. At the same time, you should not stop stopping therapy, since this phenomenon disappears after a few days without the use of complex treatment. Adaptol is not addictive or addictive.

When conducting therapy, you should avoid work that requires increased attention. "Adaptol" is sold in pharmacies only with a prescription from the attending physician.

Unlike other substitute drugs, the medicine does not have a hypnotic effect. Thanks to this property, the use of Adaptol is allowed during the day.

Which remedy is more effective - Adaptol or Afobazol?

In addition to Adaptol, there are medications on the therapeutic market with a different chemical composition, but with a similar spectrum of action. These medications include Afobazol, which can be purchased at pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription. The main effect of Afobazole is an anti-anxiety effect along with a stimulant.

At the same time, Afobazol does not have a pronounced sedative and hypnotic effect. The medication is effective in that it does not provoke withdrawal symptoms and does not affect memory and attention. In terms of the severity of the therapeutic effect, these two drugs are approximately at the same level.

In addition, these medications require a course of treatment and are practically ineffective as emergency medications. As for the harmful effects, they occur quite rarely with both drugs, mainly when the doses recommended by the doctor are not followed. Otherwise, the drugs are well tolerated, even with prolonged treatment. Since medications with an anxiolytic effect are taken only as prescribed by a medical specialist, the choice of medication depends on the doctor’s recommendations.

Reviews

Side effects of Adaptol can be easily avoided by using the dosage correctly. In addition, the medication is used in complex treatment with other psychoactive drugs. Taking Adaptol reduces the side effects of antipsychotic drugs and improves the tolerability of psychotropic drugs.

When the dosage is correctly prescribed, Adaptol is well tolerated by patients, even with long courses. The drug effectively calms and does not provoke drowsiness, like other sedatives (according to the instructions for use).

According to doctors, Adaptol is effective in eliminating neurotic diseases. The drug normalizes the patient’s emotional state, eliminates fear, anxiety, and pain in the heart.

"Adaptol" has a wide variety of responses from doctors and parents. Some mothers consider it harmful and do not risk giving it to their baby. Those who have trusted a medical specialist and decided to give the drug to a child note that the advantages of the drug include its rapid action, lack of addiction and drowsiness. The disadvantages of Adaptol include high cost and bitter taste.

Adaptol instructions for use for children - dosage - why not - reviews

Adaptol is the trade name of products whose active ingredient is mebicar . Mebicar is a “daytime” tranquilizer used to treat many mental and neurological diseases.

Description of the drug

Adaptol is available in the form of tablets and capsules, dosages of 300 mg and 500 mg. The country of origin of the product is Latvia. Adaptol is sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription.

According to the mechanism of action, adaptol or mebicar differs from other tranquilizers. Its point of application is the structures of the limbic system of the brain. The limbic system is a complex of brain structures responsible for memory, emotions, activity and mood.

The principle of action of Mebikar is to create a balance between the excitatory and inhibitory components of the limbic system. Outwardly, this manifests itself in improved mood, decreased anxiety, and decreased aggression.

Indications for the use of adaptol are neurotic disorders, emotional lability, behavioral disorders, somatoform and psychosomatic diseases, hallucinatory and delusional disorders, as well as hyperkinesis in neurological practice. Contraindications to the use of this drug are pregnancy, breastfeeding, individual intolerance and childhood. However, despite the contraindication, adaptol is sometimes prescribed to persons under 18 years of age.

Use in children

Children are allowed to prescribe only those drugs that have undergone specific clinical trials on pediatric volunteers. Adaptol, like its active ingredient mebicar, did not participate in such trials. Drugs on which such studies have not been conducted are not prescribed to children.

Contraindications to the use of adaptol include children's age. This means that the product should not be used by persons under 18 years of age. However, from the age of twelve, a child’s metabolism is similar to that of an adult, therefore adaptol can be used in some cases in persons over 12 years of age.

Sometimes adaptol is also prescribed to children of primary school age. It has fewer contraindications and side effects than other tranquilizers.

This makes it the drug of choice in cases of mild mental and neurological disorders.

However, the lack of proven effectiveness and safety for children limits this use of the drug, which is why it should not be prescribed at this age. It is better to give preference to children's analogues.

Reviews from parents

Tatyana T .: “I am the mother of a child suffering from tics. The disease is not very pronounced; I would not want to give the baby strong drugs that would reduce his activity and cause constant drowsiness.

Now my daughter is 9 years old and we have been taking Adaptol in minimal doses for two weeks now. My daughter’s tics did not disappear, but she became less nervous about them. The doctor said that to achieve the desired result you should take the drug for at least a month.

We will continue to receive you.”

Doctor's review

Psychiatrist: “Adaptol is one of the new and fairly mild tranquilizers. It has few side effects and contraindications compared to other drugs in this group. Adaptol is often prescribed to adults.

The drug has not yet been tested on children. Many pediatricians use it to treat young patients at their own risk. Clinically there is a good effect, but from a scientific point of view it has not been proven.

The possibility of prescribing Adaptol in each specific case should be determined by the attending physician.”

Source: https://antidepressant.ru/adaptol-detyam