Start from scratch. How to undergo rehabilitation after a stroke at home

Chief – neurologist

Unfortunately, a stroke is not a disease that you can forget about after being discharged from the hospital. On the contrary, the period of recovery after a “blow” is complex and very responsible. Mistakes made at this time, in 4 out of 5 cases, lead to a second stroke. But the task is, first of all, to prevent a brain catastrophe in the future.

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Of course, at home, no patient can receive the same careful medical supervision as in the hospital. Still, doctor supervision is necessary. The patient needs to be shown to a variety of specialists: from a cardiologist to a therapist and exercise therapy doctor. The “team captain” should, of course, be a neurologist. It is he who chooses the course of treatment and corrects the actions of fellow doctors and the patient’s relatives and friends.

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Speech therapist advice

parents of future first graders

What to pay attention to

in the development of speech of a preschooler

1. State of sound pronunciation.

By the age of six, a child should be able to pronounce all sounds.

1. State of phonemic processes.

This section implies the child’s ability to select words with a certain sound, mastery of the skills of elementary sound analysis and synthesis (determination of the first and last sounds in a word, the ability to compose a word from sounds, count the number of sounds), the ability to distinguish and repeat combinations like: ba-pa-ba , ta-tsa-ta, you-you-fy, etc.

1. The state of grammatical structure.

You should pay attention to word formation (rain - rain), inflection (chair - chairs), agreement (yellow ball), control (left the house, talked about a friend).

4. The state of the syllabic structure of the word.

A six-year-old child can accurately pronounce words like: cyclist, tour guide, etc.

5. State of vocabulary

You should pay attention to the most difficult sections today: seasons, their signs, months, days of the week, qualities of objects, family ties.

1. State of coherent speech.

The main emphasis should be placed on the future student’s ability to answer questions, retell, compose stories based on a plot picture, a series of pictures.

And:

Development of fine motor skills (finger games, modeling, mosaic, applique work).

The state of spatial functions (the ability to determine “right - left” in various conditions, body positions, the ability to recognize objects, letters in different positions.

Neurological status (determined by specialists)

Communication functions (communication with children, adults, ability to listen, remember and follow instructions).

The state of gaming activity (the ability to play independently, in groups, the development of a plot game, the ability to invent and accept rules).

Motivation (desire to learn, learn new things).

Development of basic mathematical skills (counting within 10, solving basic problems).

Development of attention and memory processes (for example, memorizing 7-8 words, objects).

Development of thinking (generalization “name it in one word”, classification “divide into groups”, highlighting the unnecessary with an explanation).

Sense of rhythm (the child taps and claps the given rhythm).

If your child is reading:

Reading should be smooth, syllable by syllable, the child understands what is read.

The letter is in block letters, there are no mirrored letters.

I hope that everything listed above is “A+” for your child.

If there are problems, do not be upset, there are specialists who will help you and your child, the main thing is timely detection of violations and early initiation of corrective measures.

We invite YOU to visit the sites:

https://logopedia.taba.ru

https://nsportal.ru/natalia-kabachenko

Our address: https://logopedia.taba.ru

https://nsportal.ru/natalia-kabachenko

Knowledge for loved ones

In many Russian regions there are absolutely free schools for relatives of stroke patients. Doctors ask each listener key questions. What can your loved one do? How does he walk, stand up, talk? What parts of his body are paralyzed? Based on the answers, you can choose special exercises for the patient and ways to care for him for his family. The patient’s relatives try gymnastics and methods of movement on themselves. They train, remember, try to understand.

Most often, the patient and his family need to know how to roll over from side to side, how to sit up in bed, and how to develop an arm or leg on the affected side. When a person is already walking around the apartment, he needs to choose the right shoes and learn how to use a cane and walker. All this is necessarily taught in such schools.

Of course, working with the patient himself is also important. After all, no matter how healthy relatives try to take his place, they will not be able to fully feel the situation. Is it easy to relearn how to hold a spoon or brush your teeth? Only the patient can answer this question. And an occupational therapist who teaches patients after a stroke the most common everyday activities. The doctor’s task is to find out exactly which part of the brain is affected and what changes this makes in behavior. When the answer is found, the doctor talks with the family and advises them what minor rehabilitation measures should be used.

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Life after a stroke Exercise therapy [2011, Russia, DVDRip]

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Life after a stroke Exercise therapy [2011, Russia, DVDRip]

Tatochka » 01 June 2012, 22:02
Video course Course 1 - Exercise therapy Lesson 1 - Layouts Lesson 2 - Training in a lying position Lesson 3 - Moving the patient in space Lesson 4 - Training in a sitting position Lesson 5 - Exercises for fine motor skills of the hands Lesson 6 — Training in a standing position Lesson 7 — Walking training Lesson 8 — Household skills training Course 2 — Massage Lesson 1 — Basic rules of massage Lesson 2 — General strengthening back massage Lesson 3 — Neck area massage Lesson 4 — Therapeutic massage for a patient who has suffered a stroke Course 3 — Speech restoration

Lesson 1 - Differences in speech disorders Lesson 2 - Treatment of sensorimotor aphasia Lesson 3 - Treatment of motor aphasia Lesson 4 - Treatment of sensory aphasia Lesson 5 - Treatment of acoustic-mnestic aphasia Lesson 6 - Treatment of dysarthria Course 4 - Care

Lesson 1 - Factors influencing recovery Lesson 2 - Nutritional features Lesson 3 - Caring for a bedridden patient Lesson 4 - Inserting a nasogastric tube and urinary catheter

Sources used: smart-torrent.org

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We compensate and develop

Two methods of learning help to re-master everyday wisdom: compensation and development. Does your right hand work well? We will develop it and at the same time learn to write with our left hand. The main task at this stage is to help the patient overcome helplessness and dependence on others. The patient must learn to take care of himself.

When the damaged arm begins to obey, the patient can expect a treatment method called “arrest of the healthy side.” The arm that was not injured is bandaged for a while. The patient is left to use the problematic arm. She doesn't work very well yet, but how else will she “learn” to work better?

Article on the topic

What causes a stroke? Risk factors and methods of dealing with them

There are many exercises for rehabilitation after a stroke that do not require expensive equipment. An exercise machine for restoring a paralyzed leg will be... an ordinary large saucepan. We lower, place and return the sore leg to the bed. The size of the handle of a fork or spoon can be increased by wrapping it with foam rubber - then the patient will be able to take them with the injured hand. Many such small tricks will be suggested by exercise therapy instructors or neurologists before discharge from the hospital. It is better to write down their advice - they will simplify care and make recovery at home more effective.

Therapeutic exercise after stroke and brain injury

One of the most disabling and socially maladaptive diseases includes brain damage due to acute cerebrovascular accident ( stroke ) and traumatic brain injury .

As a result of these disorders, spastic paralysis and paresis of the limbs often occur on the opposite side of the body in relation to the focus of the brain lesion. In this case, as a rule, there is a contracture in the arm with flexion at the elbow joint and pronation of the wrist, and in the lower limb there is pronounced extension at the knee joint. This is due to an increase in muscle tone in the arm flexors and leg extensors with a corresponding decrease in tone in the arm extensors and leg flexors.

According to modern concepts, motor rehabilitation should begin as soon as possible after the patient’s condition has stabilized. At the same time, both the intensity and duration of the loads gradually increase.

Early initiation of therapeutic physical culture achieves a number of goals:

1. the functioning of the cardiovascular system improves, as well as the function of other organs and systems;
2. correct breathing is established;
3. locally increased muscle tone is reduced and the development of contractures is prevented;
4. healthy muscles are strengthened;
5. emotional state improves;
6. adaptation to social functioning occurs and, if possible, a return to daily activities as early as possible (occupational therapy).

During therapeutic exercises, compensatory mechanisms are involved in the process to restore lost functions. Repeated repetitions of exercises create conditions for new reflex connections.

At the beginning of treatment, passive movements of the affected limbs and massage are used. An instructor-methodologist helps you perform passive movements. The main goal is to achieve relaxation of the muscles of the affected part of the body. Massage should be done taking into account the affected muscle. The extensors are massaged on the arm, and the flexors of the leg and foot are massaged on the leg. The transition from passive to active movements should be smooth. At first, active exercises are performed by the healthy part of the body without outside help, then the instructor-methodologist helps to gradually engage the muscles of the paralyzed part. The exercises are done gently, smoothly at a slow pace, they should not cause acute pain. Exercises begin with the proximal sections, gradually moving to the distal sections. Exercises should be repeated many times, pause for breathing, and monitor correct and rhythmic breathing.

Basic rules for conducting therapeutic exercises:

1. Exercises are performed on the healthy side of the body first;
2. It is necessary to alternate special exercises with general strengthening exercises;
3. Regularity of classes;
4. Gradual increase in physical activity;
5. Maintaining a positive emotional background during classes.

Below is one of the possible sets of exercises recommended in the early period of treatment of stroke or traumatic brain injury (in case of bed rest):

During classes, it is necessary to pause for rest for 1-2 minutes. At the end of classes, ensure the correct position of paretic limbs.

In the later period of treatment of hemiparesis, the complex of physical exercises becomes more complicated. Therapeutic physical training is given in sitting and standing positions. Walking in various variations and self-service training are included. Exercises with objects, elements of games. Particular attention is paid to developing the functions of the hand and fingers, relaxing muscles and reducing rigidity.

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Something happened to my memory

Many are sure: if a person begins to move and speak well, he has fully recovered. This is not entirely true. Even a “normal” concussion makes itself felt for about a year with weakness, irritability and memory problems. With a stroke, these manifestations are much stronger and last much longer. And “harmless” forgetfulness is life-threatening.

Someone forgets their passport and mobile phone at home, someone forgets to take their medicine. And if the patient violates the regime, the risk that he will have another stroke increases. If the patient’s relatives themselves do not have a good memory, they will have to get diaries or set a reminder on their mobile phones to take medications. The schedule for tomorrow must be written down every day. Warn the patient about taking medications (5-10 minutes in advance), about trips to the doctor, on a visit, to a concert (about an hour before going out to have time to get ready).

Yes, yes, cultural life is also included in the rehabilitation program after a stroke. Without new experiences and communication with other people, the brain will not be able to train! This means that recovery will be delayed at best...

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Why is a stroke dangerous? Possible complications and consequences

A stroke attack can last from 2 to 24 hours. A disorder of cerebral circulation leads to the death of nerve cells, rupture of blood vessels, and swelling of the brain. These processes do not occur asymptomatically. The first signs of a dangerous pathology are severe headache, nausea, vomiting. Then neurological symptoms appear:

• coordination disorders;
• trophic and cognitive disorders;
• deterioration of vision and hearing;
• memory loss;
• paresis and paralysis of different parts of the body.

Some symptoms go away soon after the attack, but the death of brain cells that has begun cannot be stopped. The sooner medical assistance is provided, the higher the chance of saving the patient’s life and restoring his health. After a stroke, a person is deprived of the ability to communicate, feel and move normally, and the psyche often suffers.

To save the patient from dangerous complications and help restore health, the participation of experienced specialists is required. It is not safe to receive treatment at home. Only qualified doctors are able to control the processes occurring in the body and correctly plan treatment and rehabilitation measures.

Gymnastics for the brain

Forgetfulness does not go away on its own; memory needs to be trained. Activities that develop fine motor skills are useful for her: drawing, writing with a pen, knitting, weaving, origami, modeling and even children's construction sets. Much depends on which hemisphere of the brain is affected: the left hemisphere is helped by tasks and puzzles, the right hemisphere is helped by creative tasks.

By the way

According to statistics, the risk of a recurrent stroke within a year is about 15%, and within several years - 30–40%. To reduce this sad possibility, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health, devote sufficient time to rehabilitation and be sure to take all medications prescribed after discharge.

A memory training program should be drawn up by a doctor, preferably a neuropsychologist. Overexertion is very dangerous: it leads to a “jump” in blood pressure and increases the risk of a new stroke.

According to experts, the patient’s family most often makes one of two mistakes: either they try with all their might to speed up recovery and increase the burden on the patient too much, or they do not allow him to do anything on his own, turning him into a helpless baby. Both of these are highly undesirable. Be patient - this is the best way to help your loved one.

Rehabilitation treatment after stroke at the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences

After a stroke, life goes on, and what it will be like depends largely on the quality of treatment and rehabilitation in the first 2–3 months after the illness. In the rehabilitation department of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, individual programs are drawn up for patients aimed at restoring motor functions, correcting attention, speech and memory disorders, and other neurological disorders.

Doctors of various specialties participate in rehabilitation: physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychologists and neuropsychologists, nutritionists, occupational therapists and other specialists. The joint work of professionals, as well as the use of innovative equipment, reduces the risk of complications and speeds up the recovery process.

To schedule a consultation and clarify the cost of services, you can call or use a special form on the website.

Exercise therapy after stroke (2014) WebRip

Exercise therapy for hemorrhagic stroke is prescribed when the patient’s condition is completely stabilized. Clinically, this is determined by the absence of an increase in symptoms and an improvement in vascular and visceral activity. However, even with stabilization of the process, the first 3 days. Therapeutic gymnastics classes include only breathing exercises and passive movements in the joints of the affected limbs; Massage (superficial stroking techniques) is also recommended. If a stroke is combined with hypertension, then all therapeutic exercises and massage procedures depend on blood pressure values. When blood pressure is above 180/105 mm Hg. Art. Therapeutic exercises and massage are contraindicated.

Briefly about the film: Title: Exercise therapy after a stroke Author: Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Year: 2014 Genre: educational video

Country: Russia Duration: 00:12:32 Translation: Russian

File: Quality: WebRip Format: MKV Video: XviD, 925 Kbps, 936×695 Audio: AC3, 2 ch, 85 Kbps Size: 934 MB

Sources used: nemalo.net

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