How does epileptic dementia manifest and how to treat it?

Prevention of mental illness

As we know, with Alzheimer's syndrome, death of brain cells occurs with loss of cognitive abilities.
It is almost impossible to restore neurons when the disease occurs. But there is a chance to preserve mental and physiological abilities if you follow proven recommendations from specialists throughout your life.

1. Lead a healthy lifestyle - do yoga, Thai gymnastics. Give up bad habits - smoking, drinking alcohol.
2. Do not get carried away with excessive medications.
3. Include natural foods in your diet: fruits, vegetables, herbs, nuts, kefir, yogurt, yogurt, regularly cleanse the body of toxins and waste.
4. Develop fine motor skills: knitting, playing keyboards, carving wood, putting together puzzles.
5. Regularly walk in the fresh air and ventilate the room.
6. Read poems, proverbs, sayings by heart, try to remember phone numbers.
7. To avoid injury, wear a protective helmet when riding a bicycle or rollerblading.

Leading a healthy lifestyle is necessary at any age

Get rid of infectious diseases in a timely manner, regularly visit a doctor if there is a pathology in the thyroid gland, blood vessels, or internal organs. And yet, you need to drink 2 liters of water daily. Thanks to the liquid, new cells are born and develop, metabolic processes improve, the body is cleansed of toxins, and water balance is restored.

Treatment tactics

Treatment tactics for epileptic dementia are aimed at stopping epileptic seizures and inhibiting the degeneration of nervous tissue. The basis of treatment is the drugs listed in the following table.

Medicines for the treatment of epileptic dementia:

Along with drug therapy, epileptics are shown:

• dietary, balanced nutrition;
• moderate physical activity;
• communication with loved ones.

The patient's menu should include apricots, bananas, raisins, apricots, honey, chicken liver, red meat, more grapes and apples, as well as lactic acid products, sour cream, cottage cheese, vegetables and fruits.

Blood supply to brain tissue can be improved through quiet exercise, massage, walks in the fresh air, regular ventilation of the room in which the patient lives, and good sleep.

Detailed classification of senile dementia and ICD-10 code

Neurotic character traits become aggravated, anxiety and fear for oneself and loved ones come to the fore, poor memory aggravates the anxious state.

Vascular dementia. The consequence of hypertension is damage to the blood vessels of the brain. Makes itself felt in old age.

Drugs prescribed:

lemongrass is steamed; Eleutherococcus is taken in drops.

With Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Genetic and viral pathology causes mutation of a healthy protein.

A hallmark of this type of dementia is the presence of hallucinations and antisocial behavior. The disease is transmitted by a dominant type.

This type of dementia is difficult to distinguish from other types; the only symptom, a marker of the disease, is hyperkinesia.

A lack of dopamine in the brain and insufficient transmission of dopamine to nerve endings make it difficult to move smoothly and make speech poor.

The illness is on the verge of psychology/psychiatry and is often hysterical in nature. Common name: senile sclerosis.

Habits from a past life are forgotten, hygiene and comfort fade into the background.

Classic dementia of the Alzheimer's type is quite severe. It is diagnosed after 65 years of age; most likely, this is the middle - late stage of the disease.

At this stage the person becomes unable to work. Mnestic-intellectual functions disintegrate, a person completely loses the concept of time and space. The rhythm of wakefulness is disturbed, night sleep is superficial.

Senile dementia: what is it, main symptoms and treatment, stages of the disease, ICD-10 code

Senile dementia, translated from Latin as “senile dementia,” is a consequence of persistent age-related changes in the brain. Patients require special care and round-the-clock supervision, as they are capable of unintentionally harming themselves and their health without realizing it.

What is it in simple words

disease code : F03 – unspecified dementia.

Senile dementia is a common pathology, most often occurring in people over 65 years of age . Due to age-related changes in the structure of the brain and its involution, the patient loses many of his abilities and skills, he is not able to perceive and analyze new information, and the ability to learn and remember new information is completely lost.

After some time, dementia completely changes a person’s character and behavior, leading to a complete collapse of his personality. He stops feeling many emotions, his attitude towards family and friends changes.

He loses basic skills and, as a result, becomes unable to take care of himself, take care of personal hygiene, or perform his usual work.

Quite often the process is accompanied by memory loss.

A feature of senile dementia is that the patient is not aware of his condition, which is why dementia is a problem primarily for the relatives of the elderly person. Being completely socially unadapted, patients with dementia require additional assistance from social services and medical professionals.

According to statistics, senile dementia is diagnosed in 10% of people aged 65-79 years. In people over 80 years of age, the incidence rate exceeds 25%.

Reference. Every year, the incidence rate increases, and the diagnosis itself becomes “younger,” increasingly affecting people under 60-65 years of age.

Causes of senile dementia

The patient's age and involutional processes in the central nervous system are the main causes of senile dementia. But scientists do not fully know the reasons why age-related changes in the nervous system occur. Based on the life history of an elderly person, it is possible to identify factors that increase the risk of developing dementia and accelerate the pathological process:

• genetic predisposition;
• malfunctions of the immune system leading to an autoimmune reaction;
• chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system: atherosclerosis;
• infections affecting the central nervous system: encephalitis, meningitis, pulmonary tuberculosis;
• diabetes;
• suffered traumatic brain injuries;
• mental illness;
• bad habits: alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking.

There is some connection between the mental load on the GM and its functioning. Thus, in pensioners who do not engage in intellectual work, dementia occurs earlier.

A sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition impair blood circulation in the brain and its oxygen saturation. This contributes to the atrophy of its structures and the appearance of dementia.

Development mechanism

The disease has a rather complex development mechanism. The first changes in the structure of the brain occur long before the onset of dementia. Typically, the hypothalamus is the first to be affected .

Due to the naturally occurring involution, it decreases in size, and the hypothalamus is also involved in the process. Being an organ that regulates endocrine organs and metabolic processes, hormonal disruptions occur .

Signs of damage to the hypothalamus are short temper and sudden changes in mood .

The reduced size of the pituitary gland is not able to fully perform its functions, which is why other parts of the nervous system, especially the cortex and subcortical structures, become vulnerable.

Neurons gradually atrophy and . Depending on which department they are located in, the symptoms change. The convolutions become pointed, the furrows expand.

Due to the loss of a large number of neurons the ventricular cavity expands and their walls become thinner.

At this stage, many skills are lost, and complete or partial memory loss .

The loss of neurons leads to marked shrinkage of the brain . Senile dementia is characterized by a symmetrical decrease in its volume.

Nerve processes and neurons are prone to sclerosis after death. This is expressed in the appearance of coarse connective tissue in the lesion. Merging with each other, they form rounded foci of necrosis - senile drusen . Strands - threads - extend from them, and in the middle the lesions are filled with a brown homogeneous mass.

Stages of dementia

Depending on the symptoms of the disease and changes in the structure of the brain, three stages of dementia are distinguished:

1. Initial – there is a slight decrease in intelligence. The ability to self-service is preserved. The patient is still assessing his condition and understands what is happening. There are minor memory problems.
2. Moderate – progressive decline in intelligence and gradual loss of basic skills and abilities. Confused about how this or that household appliance works and performs typical work incorrectly. Memory deterioration is dangerous for the elderly and those around them: he forgets to turn off the gas or iron, or gets lost near the house. Needs help and support, but takes care of himself and takes care of his hygiene.
3. Severe – all skills and abilities are lost. There is a lack of independence, an inability to perform basic actions: observe the rules of hygiene, eat independently, dress, etc. Due to complete or partial memory loss, patients do not recognize their family and friends. Need observation and care.

It is almost impossible to develop the disease and stop its progression. The time for the development of the next stage is different for everyone and lasts from several months to several years.

Forms

Depending on the nature of the lesion, the course of the disease and symptoms, senile dementia is divided into three types:

• Alzheimer's - a type of atrophic dementia in which persistent degenerative processes and atrophy of all structures of the brain are detected;
• vascular – a consequence of chronic or acute vascular diseases. Occurs against the background of atherosclerosis, after acute hemorrhagic stroke. Due to acute cerebrovascular accident and chronic hypoxia, neurons die and the brain atrophies;
• mixed - a combination of both types of disease.

Senile dementia is also divided into lacunar and total. With lacunar, individual areas of the brain are locally affected, which is manifested only by a decrease in intelligence and loss of skills and abilities for which the affected area is responsible. Total is characterized by the destruction of the entire GM, resulting in complete disintegration of personality and complete social disadaptation of the elderly.

Main symptoms

At the onset of dementia, there are the fewest symptoms. So, at the first stage, the patient himself notices the changes happening to himself. Still able to think critically and evaluate himself, notices memory impairment, decreased intellectual and thinking abilities. The main symptoms of senile dementia are:

• memory impairment - events that happened a long time ago, or what happened a few minutes ago, are forgotten. Unable to remember new information due to neuronal atrophy;
• decrease or absence of self-criticism - relatives notice that the elderly does not see the changes taking place and is not aware of the problem;
• disorientation in time and space - cannot remember what day of the week, month, year it is. Confuses the dates of events and does not arrange them in chronological order. Disorientation in the area is expressed by the ability to get lost in one’s home area, near one’s home, and, even recognizing the street, not understanding how to get home.

Diagnosis and treatment of dementia at the Yusupov Hospital

The neurology clinic at the Yusupov Hospital employs the country's leading specialists who specialize in the treatment of diseases associated with pathological conditions of the brain. Doctors help patients with dementia of any severity every day, around the clock.

When contacting the clinic with any complaints, the doctor sends the patient for appropriate tests. Diagnostic data allows you to make a diagnosis, for example, “vascular dementia,” and the ICD 10 code is determined for this disease. After this, a therapeutic complex is developed for the patient, which includes non-drug measures and medications. Medicines are prescribed to the patient exclusively by the attending physician, depending on the form of the disease. Vascular dementia (ICD code 10) requires taking medications that improve blood circulation and metabolic processes. The Yusupov Hospital provides a complete list of necessary medications.

Treatment of patients with dementia in the neurology clinic is aimed at socializing patients and teaching simple skills

The clinic’s neurologists pay special attention to working with the patient’s relatives, who need psychological support and training in the basics of interacting with a patient with dementia. You can seek help from neurologists at the Yusupov Hospital by phone at any time convenient for you.

yusupovs.com

Classification of dementia codes in ICD 10

As indicated, any dementia syndrome is included in class F and is additionally coded with a digital designation from 00 to 03. Their systematization and distinctive features are presented in more detail in the table.
Basic codes for dementia in ICD-10

Important! Regardless of which form of the disorder is diagnosed, they are united by two features: the disease always progresses slowly and cannot be cured.

Some forms of dementia in the ICD-10 classification have additional coding because they have exceptional features during the course of the disease, its symptoms or other aspects.

Vascular dementia in ICD-10

Vascular dementia code according to ICD 10 is F01, but this group includes not one, but several separate forms. They are all connected by a common reason - they develop against the background of vascular dysfunction. The time of manifestation of the disease also usually coincides - it occurs at a late age - after 70 years.

Moreover, there are people who are initially predisposed to the development of this form of pathology (diabetics, people suffering from arterial hypertension, smokers). Additional codes are applied due to existing differences:

• F0 - used to designate acute onset dementia as a result of multiple strokes, hemorrhage or cerebral infarction.
• F1 – denotes dementia caused by constantly recurring heart attacks. Most often, this disease affects the cortical structures.
• F2 – intended for cases of dementia originating in subcortical structures.
• F3 – used to designate mixed dementia, developing in both cortical and subcortical structures.
• F8 and F01.9 are vascular dementias, which are based on other problems, often not specified.

The type of vascular dementia and the ICD code are determined as a result of examinations, although they do not have fundamentally different treatment.

Dementia in other diseases

Coding F02 in ICD 10 refers to dementia, the cause of which was various neurological diseases not associated with Alzheimer's or vascular disorders. Their peculiarity is that the age range of manifestations of dementia is much wider, moreover, they are mainly diagnosed at a fairly young age. The group includes:

• F0 – appears as a secondary problem of Pick's disease.
• F1 – dementia based on Creutzveld-Jakob disease. One of the fastest growing forms of the disorder, in which death occurs within a couple of years.
• F2 – dementia in Huntington's disease. It is characterized by extensive degeneration of the brain, and the disease is considered one of the youngest, since it appears already in the third decade.
• F3 – dementia based on Parkinson's disease. It is distinguished by the predominance of motor disorders.
• F4 – is caused by HIV, and therefore always has a complex clinical picture.
• F8 – dementia that begins due to any other diagnosed diseases, if their relationship is proven.

At the same time, the ICD 10 code for dementia in Alzheimer's disease differs from all those listed. It stands out as a separate group, since the disease is most common compared to other forms of disorders.

Alzheimer's dementia

The disorder associated with Alzheimer's disease is also divided into several separate subtypes in ICD 10. They are mainly associated with the period of development of the disease, but there are other nuances that stand out separately:

• F0 – dementia in early Alzheimer's disease. It appears before the age of 65 and develops quite progressively.
• F1 – late-onset Alzheimer's dementia. Often the ICD 10 code for senile dementia coincides with this type.
• F2 – atypical dementia or dementia of mixed type, which arose against the background of Alzheimer's disease.
• F9 – unspecified Alzheimer's dementia.

Strictly speaking, in the realities of Russian medicine, additional clarification of the diagnosis coding for confirmed Alzheimer’s disease is rarely assigned. They do not differ in treatment methods. Is that the speed of development is faster in some places, slower in others.

Dementia unspecified according to ICD 10 is allocated in a separate section. This happens if the patient has not undergone enough research to establish the exact basis of the disease or they have not shown a clear clinical picture. The mixed dementia code according to ICD 10, as well as the senile dementia code according to ICD 10, do not have their own code. In the classification, such disorders join other groups, often with dementia, the exact causes of which are not established.

The wide variety of types and forms of this mental disorder has not led to the creation of unique treatment methods and, by and large, the list of drugs used is the same in all cases. The fact is that in this case, individual elimination of symptoms is much more effective; medications are selected taking them into account.

But this does not mean that you can resort to self-medication. The doctor leading the patient plays a major role in obtaining a positive result. Therefore, whatever the basis of the pathological process and at whatever stage it is detected, it is necessary to immediately contact a specialist who can select medications.

Causes of senile dementia

The condition mainly affects people who have crossed the age of 55-60. During the study, experts determined that there are factors influencing the development of Alzheimer's disease. The main ones are:

• Genetics. Individuals whose parents, grandparents suffered not only from age-related dementia, but also from other types of mental disorders.
• Alcoholism. Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time leads to the destruction of neurons and inhibits the birth of new cells. “Dead” lesions form in the brain, which is why a person loses memory and is unable to think logically or form sentences.
• Smoking. Tobacco smoke directly poisons the blood and destroys brain cells and destroys neural circuits. The effect is the same as that of alcohol.
• Head injury. Leads to the formation of dead areas, inhibits normal blood circulation, and oxygen starvation occurs.
• Infectious diseases: meningitis, encephalitis and others lead to disruption of the brain, blockages of blood vessels, and irreversible regenerative processes.
• Down syndrome. Most people with this disease develop dementia 10 to 20 years earlier than usual.
• Floor. According to research, it has been proven that women are more likely to suffer from senile dementia, since their life expectancy is longer.
• Physical inactivity. Alzheimer's syndrome is caused by an inactive lifestyle, which contributes to the development of stagnant processes in the body.
• Endocrine diseases. With insufficient production of thyroid hormones, irreversible processes occur in the cerebral cortex.
• Diabetes mellitus type 2.

Unhealthy diet: smoked foods, fatty, sweet, spicy, fried foods form harmful cholesterol, plaques interfere with the normal flow and outflow of blood, contribute to increased blood pressure, leading to heart attacks and strokes.

Eating smoked meats contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease after 55 years of age

Dementia ICD 10 general information

Dementia is characterized by neurologists as a syndrome whose manifestation is caused by brain damage. As the disease develops, higher nervous functions are disrupted, therefore vascular dementia ICD 10 and other forms of the disease are classified in this section of the international classification.

ICD 10 dementia can be diagnosed according to the following criteria:

motivational and emotional disturbances in the patient; impairment of cognitive functions, such as thinking, judgment and processing of received information; memory impairment, manifested in difficulties in memorizing new material and reproducing previously learned material; medical significance of the observed disorders; manifestation of symptoms of the disease for at least 6 months.

If these signs appear, you should immediately consult a neurologist who will examine the patient’s condition, the manifestations of the signs and make an appropriate diagnosis. The Yusupov Hospital operates around the clock, so a patient can be hospitalized at any time.

Why does it occur

Among modern authors there is no consensus on the causes of dementia in epilepsy.

Most scientists are inclined to believe that dementia occurs as a result of a malnutrition of the brain during a seizure and after it.

Neurons deprived of oxygen die, the number of brain cells gradually decreases, resulting in dementia.

Dynamics of oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood during a seizure:

The table shows that a low oxygen content in the blood is recorded not only during a seizure, but also throughout the entire post-seizure sleep, which lasts from several minutes to several hours.

Risk factors that provoke the development of dementia from epilepsy are:

• deep and prolonged convulsive seizures;
• low intellectual level of the patient at the onset of the disease;
• early onset of the disease.

The longer the seizure, the more neurons die due to oxygen deficiency.

With short-term seizures (absences), the risk of developing dementia is much lower than with long-term and deep ones.

Scientists have proven that in patients with premorbid high intelligence, dementia is detected less frequently and is better compensated.

With a high degree of probability, dementia manifests itself in patients with a low level of intelligence, as well as in oligophrenics and patients with foci of organic brain damage.

The third risk factor is the early onset of epilepsy. The earlier a patient's seizures begin, the more severe the symptoms of dementia will be.

However, there are cases where, at the onset of the disease at 3-4 years of age, children did not have changes in intellectual activity typical of epileptics, and the clinical picture was dominated by symptoms of gross organic cerebral pathology.

Stages of disease development

Degenerative processes begin in the brain long before the symptoms of the disease appear. This creates difficulties in determining the onset of pathology, which makes it difficult to diagnose dementia at an early stage.

First

There are no obvious signs of the disease yet.

Only PET (positron emission tomography) scan can detect the early stage of the disease.

A routine examination does not show any memory impairment or other abnormalities.

Second

A slight change in mental abilities is already noticeable. A person has a problem with memory, he sometimes forgets names, places, words.

Minor symptoms at this stage do not interfere with work and living independently.

This does not always indicate the development of the disease; perhaps this is due to age-related changes in the body.

How to recognize the early stages of Alzheimer's disease:

Third

Symptoms of the development of the disease become noticeable, and the main signs of this stage of Alzheimer's disease are as follows:

• the patient forgets recently read information;
• the same type of question is asked several times, although the answer has been received;
• difficulties arise in planning and self-organization;
• a person has difficulty remembering the names of recent acquaintances.

During this period, the help of relatives is needed. It is necessary to ensure that a person does not forget to pay bills and takes medications on time.

It is advisable to help him put his financial and legal affairs in order.

Symptoms and duration of early dementia (second stage) Alzheimer's disease:

Fourth

Problems with thinking and behavior that were observed earlier not only become obvious, but new ones also appear.

How does Alzheimer's disease develop and progress?

• a person forgets the details of his biography;
• does not remember the month or current year;
• forgets to sign documents;
• It becomes difficult to prepare food for yourself and cannot even order it, although the menu is in hand.

It is no longer possible to do without the help of relatives. There comes a time when the patient is no longer able to resolve important issues. Fraudsters often take advantage of this condition.

Fifth

The deviations can already be called quite serious.

The loved one does not recognize familiar places and does not remember the time of day.

Can't remember an address or phone number, doesn't know what clothes to wear.

The patient needs daily help and attention to maintain a sense of independence

It is important for a person to know that someone is with him

Sixth

The pathology becomes serious. A person is still able to recognize faces, but remembers names with difficulty.

He has obsessive thoughts and mistakes one person for another. He can get ready for work, although he hasn’t worked for a long time.

A period of difficult trials begins for relatives who can still contact the patient through feelings.

By the way, people with this disorder like to listen to music and look at old photographs.

Seventh, the hardest

The symptoms of the last stage of Alzheimer's disease are such that the patient can no longer be left uncontrolled.

At this severe stage, a person cannot eat, sit or walk independently. The ability to react to others disappears.

The presence of loved ones is mandatory, since many patients cannot say that they are thirsty or hungry.

There is no therapy that can stop the disease.

What you need to know about late-stage Alzheimer's disease:

What is it: definition of the disease

What does epilepsy mean: is it a mental or neurological disease of a person?
Epilepsy is a neurological disease in which the patient regularly experiences seizures.

Two conditions contribute to the appearance of a seizure: the presence of a focus of epileptic activity in the brain and the readiness of the brain to respond to neuronal irritation.

According to ICD 10, epilepsy in adults is designated G40.

The diagnosis is made if the patient has had 2 or more seizures; a single seizure is not epilepsy.

The disease is neurological in nature, not mental. Approximately 20% of those affected have mental disorders, but these are more often associated with another brain disease.

In severe cases of the disease, the patient may develop a mild mental disorder in the form of deterioration of memory and attention; severe neuroses, psychoses, and depression are very rare.

What is epilepsy? Find out from the video:

OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS G90-G99

G90 Autonomic nervous system disorders Excludes: alcohol-induced autonomic nervous system disorder (G31.2) G90.0 Idiopathic peripheral autonomic neuropathy G90.1 Familial dysautonomia G90.2 Horner's syndrome G90.3 Multisystem degeneration Excludes: orthostatic hypotension NOS (I95.1 ) G90.8 Other disorders of the autonomic nervous system G90.9 Disorder of the autonomic nervous system, unspecified G91 Hydrocephalus Included: acquired hydrocephalus Excluded: hydrocephalus: - congenital (Q03.-) - caused by congenital toxoplasmosis (P37.1) G91.0 Communicating hydrocephalus G91. 1 Obstructive hydrocephalus G91.2 Normal pressure hydrocephalus G91.3 Post-traumatic hydrocephalus, unspecified G91.8 Other types of hydrocephalus G91.9 Hydrocephalus, unspecified G92 Toxic encephalopathy G93 Other brain lesions G93.0 Cerebral cyst Excludes: congenital cerebral cyst (Q04.6), periventricular acquired cyst of the newborn (P91.1) G93.1 Anoxic brain lesion, not elsewhere classified Excludes: neonatal anoxia (P21.9) complicating: – abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy (O00-O07, O08.8) – pregnancy, labor or delivery (O29.2, O74.3, O89.2) – surgical and medical care (T80-T88) G93.2 Benign intracranial hypertension Excludes: hypertensive encephalopathy (I67.4) G93.3 Post-hospital fatigue syndrome viral disease G93.4 Encephalopathy, unspecified Excluded: encephalopathy: – alcoholic (G31.2) – toxic (G92) G93.5 Compression of the brain Excluded: traumatic compression of the brain (S06.2) – focal (S06.3) G93.6 Cerebral edema Excludes: cerebral edema: - due to birth injury (P11.0) - traumatic (S06.1) G93.7 Reye's syndrome If necessary, identify an external factor, use an additional code for external causes (Class XX). G93.8 Other specified brain lesions G93.9 Unspecified brain lesions G94* Other brain lesions in diseases classified in other headings G94.0* Hydrocephalus in infectious and parasitic diseases classified in other headings (A00-B99+) G94. 1* Hydrocephalus in tumor diseases (C00-D48+) G94.2* Hydrocephalus in other diseases classified in other headings G94.8* Other specified brain lesions in diseases classified in other headings G95 Other diseases of the spinal cord Excluded: myelitis (G04 .-) G95.0 Syringomyelia and syringobulbia G95.1 Vascular myelopathies Excludes: spinal phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, except non-pyogenic (G08) G95.2 Spinal cord compression, unspecified G95.8 Other specified diseases of the spinal cord Excludes: neuromuscular dysfunction of the bladder without mentions of spinal cord lesions (N31.-), neurogenic bladder: – NOS (N31.9) – associated with cauda equina syndrome (G83.4) G95.9 Spinal cord disease, unspecified G96 Other central nervous system disorders G96.0 Expiration cerebrospinal fluid Excluded: during spinal puncture (G97.0) G96.1 Lesions of the meninges, not elsewhere classified G96.8 Other specified lesions of the central nervous system G96.9 Lesions of the central nervous system, unspecified G97 Disorders of the nervous system after medical procedures, not elsewhere classified G97.0 Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid during lumbar puncture G97.1 Other reaction to lumbar puncture G97.2 Intracranial hypertension after ventricular bypass G97.8 Other disorders of the nervous system after medical procedures G97.9 Disorder of the nervous system after medical procedures, unspecified G98 Other disorders of the nervous system, not classified elsewhere G99* Other disorders of the nervous system in diseases classified elsewhere G99.0* Autonomic neuropathy in endocrine and metabolic diseases G99.1* Other disorders of the autonomic nervous system in other diseases classified in other categories G99.2* Myelopathy in diseases classified elsewhere G99.8* Other specified disorders of the nervous system in diseases classified elsewhere

Stages of development

There are three stages of disease development:

1. Light Difficulty in perceiving new information and reproducing old information, speech becomes monotonous and boring.
2. ModerateAt this stage, all knowledge and skills that have been acquired are erased. Fragments of old information are lost in the flow of new information, and the patient does not notice his forgetfulness. To prevent the process of degradation from accelerating, a person must be involved in all socially useful actions.
3. Severe (implies complete insanity of the patient) The person cannot prepare dinner for himself, brush his teeth, or wash himself. Any elementary action turns into a disaster.

It is impossible to say exactly how long the severe stage of senile dementia lasts: the patient’s lifespan depends on the individual condition of the patient and the characteristics of his body.

It is often accompanied by neurological changes that reflect the essence of the disease:

• tremor of the limbs;
• motor impairment;
• akathisia.

It is worth noting that the last phase of dementia is the most rapid - usually after its onset a person lives no more than a year.

The video will tell you more about this stage of the patient’s life and how to help him:

At all stages of the disease, the patient needs care; hysterical forms of dementia, or pseudodementia, are precisely the reason for the lack of attention from loved ones.

Sooner or later, you have to resort to the help of professional nurses and emergency doctors; attacks of diseases that lead to dementia become more frequent at a later stage.

The risk of stroke and sugar levels are monitored; if both diabetes and stroke have occurred, the patient is admitted to a hospital; unfortunately, doctors are increasingly prescribing bed rest for such patients at home.

The speed of transition from stage to stage depends on lifestyle and care.

It is impossible to avoid senile dementia, even if close relatives have not been diagnosed with it, and there are no people in the family who have been exposed to this disease.

There is a risk of developing side symptoms and signs that do not go beyond the norm and are considered standard character and behavioral disorders.

Quarrelsomeness, pickiness and greed, worsened in older age, are just such signs.

More complex types of presenile and senile forms of the disease also often go unnoticed by the neurologist, since the person does not notice forgetfulness, distracted attention and increased fatigue.

As a result, he comes to the doctor while in the middle stage of degradation.

Preventing dementia means being active, socially interacting with others, and paying attention to your health from an early age.

What to do if manifestations begin

At the first suspicious changes in a person’s behavior, relatives should take action as quickly as possible.

Dementia is treated by a neurologist and a psychiatrist. The doctor will conduct a differential diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.

With this illness, the patient’s character changes greatly, so relatives need to be patient and adapt to a new life next to the dementor.

Early diagnosis and a comfortable psychological environment are important for successful therapy.

Unfortunately, dementia is an incurable disease. With the help of adequate therapy, it is only possible to stop the development of insanity, but it is impossible to regain lost skills. Ultimately, the patient will come to complete personal degradation.

How can you tell if your relative is developing dementia? About symptoms and signs in the video:

ORGANIC, INCLUDING SYMPTOMATIC, MENTAL DISORDERS F00-F09

This block includes a number of mental disorders grouped together due to the presence of clear etiological factors, namely the cause of these disorders is brain disease, brain injury or stroke leading to cerebral dysfunction. Dysfunction can be primary (as in diseases, brain injuries and strokes that directly or selectively affect the brain) and secondary (as in systemic diseases or disorders when the brain is involved in the pathological process along with other organs and systems)

Dementia (F00-F03) is a syndrome caused by brain damage (usually chronic or progressive) in which many higher cortical functions are impaired, including memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, numeracy, learning, language and judgment. Consciousness is not darkened. Decline in cognitive function is usually accompanied, and sometimes preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, or motivation. This syndrome is observed in Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular diseases and other conditions that primarily or secondarily affect the brain.

If necessary, an additional code is used to identify the original disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a primary degenerative brain disease of unknown etiology with characteristic neuropathological and neurochemical manifestations. The disease usually begins insidiously and slowly, but progresses steadily over several years.

Vascular dementia is the result of cerebral infarction due to cerebral vascular disease, including cerebrovascular disease due to hypertension. Heart attacks are usually small, but their cumulative effect is manifested. The disease usually begins at a late age.

Includes: atherosclerotic dementia

Cases of dementia associated (or suspected to be associated) with causes other than Alzheimer's disease or cerebrovascular disease. The disease can begin at any age, but is less common in old age.

Presenile:

• dementia NOS
• psychosis NOS

Primary degenerative dementia NOS

Senile:

• dementia: NOS
• depressive or paranoid type

If necessary to indicate senile dementia with delirium or acute confusion, use an additional code.

Excludes: old age NOS (R54)

A syndrome characterized by a marked deterioration of memory for recent and ancient events, with preservation of the ability to immediate memories, a decrease in the ability to learn new material, and a disturbance in time orientation. Confabulation may be a feature, but perception and other cognitive functions, including intelligence, are usually preserved. The prognosis depends on the course of the underlying disease.

Korsakov psychosis, or syndrome, non-alcoholic

Excluded:

• amnesia: NOS (R41.3)
• anterograde (R41.1)
• dissociative (F44.0)
• retrograde (R41.2)

An environmentally nonspecific organic cerebral syndrome, characterized by simultaneous disturbances of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behavior, emotions, sleep-wake cycles. The duration of the condition varies and the severity ranges from moderate to very severe.

Included: acute or subacute:

• brain syndrome
• state of confusion (non-alcohol etiology)
• infectious psychosis
• organic reaction
• psychoorganic syndrome

Excludes: delirium tremens, alcoholic or unspecified (F10.4)

This category includes mixed conditions that are causally related to brain disorders due to a primary brain disease, a systemic disease secondary to the brain, exposure to exogenous toxic substances or hormones, endocrine disorders, or other physical diseases.

Excluded:

• associated with: delirium (F05.-)
• dementia classified under F00-F03

Changes in personality and behavior may be residual effects or comorbidities of brain disease, damage, and dysfunction.

Psychosis:

• organic NOS
• symptomatic NOS

Symptoms

Epileptic dementia manifests itself in the form of difficult, viscous, unproductive, slow thinking. A person ceases to distinguish between important and secondary things; all the little things seem essential and significant to him.

The patient’s speech becomes pathologically detailed; he cannot express his thoughts, delving into the description of trifles and losing the essence of the conversation.

With concentric dementia, the range of interests is narrowed, the person concentrates attention exclusively on his condition (this phenomenon is known as “concentric dementia”).

He becomes petty, picky, pedantic, self-centered, explosive.

Sometimes patients suffering from epileptic dementia speak fluently, repeating the same phrases from their professional field of knowledge.

Speech reactions can be delayed, answers to questions are stereotypical and unambiguous: “yes”, “no”, “I know”, “I don’t know”, “good”, “bad”.

Dementia is associated with deterioration of memory, the process of generalization, distraction and comparison. The patient becomes a moralist, he gives instructions to others and constantly teaches them.

In patients with post-traumatic epilepsy, symptoms of dementia are extremely rare. Most often they show signs characteristic of organic brain damage.

Find out more about symptoms of other types of dementia:

• schizophrenic and alcoholic;
• vascular and with Lewy bodies;
• senile insanity.

CEREBRAL PALSY AND OTHER PARALYTIC SYNDROMES G80-G83

G80 Cerebral palsy Included: Little's disease Excluded: hereditary spastic paraplegia (G11.4) G80.0 Spastic cerebral palsy G80.1 Spastic diplegia G80.2 Infantile hemiplegia G80.3 Dyskinetic cerebral palsy G80.4 Ataxic cerebral palsy G80.8 Other type of cerebral palsy G80.9 Cerebral palsy, unspecified G81 Hemiplegia Note: for initial coding, this category should be used only when hemiplegia (complete) (incomplete) is reported without further specification or is stated to be long established or long-standing, but its reason is not specified. This rubric is also used in multiple cause coding to identify types of hemiplegia due to any cause. Excludes: congenital and cerebral palsy (G80.-) G81.0 Flaccid hemiplegia G81.1 Spastic hemiplegia G81.9 Hemiplegia, unspecified G82 Paraplegia and tetraplegia Note: see note under G81. Excludes: congenital or cerebral palsy (G80.-) G82.0 Flaccid paraplegia G82.1 Spastic paraplegia G82.2 Paraplegia, unspecified G82.3 Flaccid tetraplegia G82.4 Spastic tetraplegia G82.5 Tetraplegia, unspecified G83 Other paralytic syndromes Note: see note to section G81. Included: paralysis (complete) (incomplete), except as specified in categories G80-G82 G83.0 Diplegia of the upper extremities G83.1 Monoplegia of the lower extremity G83.2 Monoplegia of the upper extremity G83.3 Monoplegia, unspecified G83.4 Cauda equina syndrome Excluded: spinal urinary tract bladder NOS (G95.8) G83.8 Other specified paralytic syndromes G83.9 Paralytic syndrome, unspecified

DEMYELINATING DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM G35-G37

G35 Dispersed sclerosis G36 The other form of acute disseminated demyelineization is excluded: post -infectious encephalitis and ENCEPALOMILITS BDU (G04.8) G36.0 OPECONEVROMILITS is excluded: OPECIA OPECE OPEC (H46) G36.1 Acute and subacute hemorrhagic leukeoencephalitis G36.8 Another specified form Eminated Demielinization G36.9 Acute dissonated demyelineization, unsuitable G37 other demyelinizing diseases of the central nervous system G37.0 diffuse sclerosis is excluded: adrenolecodistrophy (E71.3) G37.1 Central demyelinization of the corpuscy body G37.2 Central ponto myelinolysis G37.3 Acute pore melitis at the demolition. Ielinizing illness central nervous system Excludes: neuromyelitis optica (G36.0), multiple sclerosis (G35) G37.4 Subacute necrotizing myelitis G37.5 Concentric sclerosis G37.8 Other specified demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system G37.9 Demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, unspecified

Symptoms of the disease

In Alzheimer's disease, according to the ICD, a number of characteristic symptoms occur. However, the signs are similar to other types of mental disorders included in the general group of diseases - dementia. The main symptom of the condition is short-term memory loss. There is also aggressiveness, loudness, wandering, impulsiveness, and irritability. For this reason, specialists identify all the symptoms, conduct a differential analysis, and conduct a detailed study.

Diagnosing age-related dementia

An important point in the treatment of the disease is timely diagnosis of the condition. An experienced specialist conducts a complete history, physical examination, and talks with the patient and his relatives. During the examination, the patient’s condition is determined, which requires checking for:

• sense of balance;
• state of motor coordination;
• state of muscle tone, strength potential;
• reflective abilities;
• state of hearing, vision.

Considering the fact that the disease can be caused by dysfunction of the thyroid gland, head injuries, infectious diseases, research is carried out using MRI, CT, and blood and urine tests are also examined.

Diagnosis of the disease involves a hearing test