Diacarb dosage regimen for intracranial hypertension

Hydrocephalus is a disease characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the brain. With such a diagnosis, the patient requires qualified medical care. Leading neurologists in Russia work at the Yusupov Hospital, who have extensive experience in treating hydrocephalus and get patients back on their feet even at an advanced stage of the disease.

Diacarb for intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure occurs as a result of impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. As a result, cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in some area of ​​the intracranial box. The condition is accompanied by severe headaches and is considered a serious threat to the patient's life. For drug treatment of intracranial pressure, the drug Diacarb (or Acetazolamide), which belongs to the pharmaceutical groups of inhibitors and diuretics, is usually used. The medicine is used, as a rule, in the treatment of ICP of various origins in adults. How to take Diacarb for intracranial pressure will be discussed further.

Use of the drug Diacarb for intracranial pressure

The drug Diacarb is considered a weak diuretic. But precisely because of the diuretic and decongestant effect that the drug has on the body, it is used primarily as part of complex therapy for intracranial hypertension. In addition, Diakarb is prescribed for the following diseases and conditions:

• mild or moderate edema syndrome;
• acute attacks of glaucoma;
• epilepsy (in combination with antiepileptic drugs);
• “altitude” sickness (in order to shorten the acclimatization period).

Experts warn that you should not take Diacarb even with a significant increase in intracranial pressure when:

• hypersensitivity to substances included in the drug;
• liver or kidney failure;
• acidosis;
• hypocorticism;
• hypokalemia;
• Addison's disease;
• uremia;
• pregnancy (especially in the first trimester) and during lactation.

Method of administration and dosage of Diacarb for intracranial pressure

The medicine is taken orally. When prescribing Diacarb for intracranial pressure in adults, a doctor takes into account the age, weight, and individual characteristics of the patient’s body. The general recommendations given in the instructions for use are as follows:

1. For hypertension leading to increased intracranial pressure, 250 mg of the drug per day is prescribed at the initial stage. Experts advise dividing the indicated dose into two doses and drinking every 8 to 12 hours. In some cases, the daily dosage of the drug may be increased, but not exceed 750 mg. For high intracranial pressure, a regimen for taking Diacarb is proposed, which includes a break in use every 4 days for two days. The fact is that the drug acts as a blood oxidizer, and for the body to return to normal, a temporary pause is required.
2. For edematous syndrome, Diacarb should be taken at a rate of 250 mg per day, preferably in the morning. To achieve the required diuretic effect, it is recommended to take the medication once a day, every other day or 2 days in a row, and then take a break for 1 day.
3. For open-angle glaucoma, Diacarb is prescribed at a dose of 250 mg with a dosing frequency of 1 to 4 times a day. The maximum dose should not exceed 1000 mg. For secondary glaucoma and acute attacks of glaucoma, take the medicine 4 times a day, 250 mg per dose.
4. For epilepsy, it is recommended to take 250–500 mg of the drug per day in one dose. At the same time, it is also important to adhere to the established regimen, which provides for a break on the 4th day after 3 days of administration.

Attention!

Despite the fact that Diacarb is a low-toxic drug, long-term use of the medicine often leads to side effects such as tinnitus, drowsiness, dizziness and convulsions. In this case, it is also undesirable to drive vehicles and perform work that requires concentration.

Contraindications

Diacarb is contraindicated in patients suffering from certain disorders:

• severe kidney and liver failure;
• urolithiasis, which occurs with an increase in the level of calcium in urine;
• liver cirrhosis;
• hypokalemia;
• uremia;
• hyponatremia;
• diabetes mellitus;
• Addison's disease;
• adrenal insufficiency;
• chronic decompensated angle-closure glaucoma.

The drug is not prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, during breastfeeding, or if an allergy to substances present in the drug is detected.

There are conditions that are not contraindications to taking Diacarb, but require maximum caution when using this medication. These include edema associated with pathologies of the liver or kidneys, pulmonary embolism, emphysema, pregnancy (starting from the second trimester).

It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of a patient with hydrocephalus who is taking Aspirin or other drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid simultaneously with Diacarb.

Diacarb - instructions for use

Registration No.: P No. 014889/01-2003, 04/07/03

Release form, composition and packaging

Tablets are white, round, flat. 12 pcs. – blister contour packages (2) – cardboard packs.

Compound:

Excipients: potato starch, talc, sodium starch glycolate.

Clinical and pharmacological group: Diuretic. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

pharmachologic effect

Diuretic from the group of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Causes a weak diuretic effect. Inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron, increases the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate ions, does not affect the excretion of chlorine ions; causes an increase in urine pH. Disturbs the acid-base balance (metabolic acidosis). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of the ciliary body leads to a decrease in the secretion of aqueous humor and a decrease in intraocular pressure. Suppression of carbonic anhydrase activity in the brain determines the anticonvulsant activity of the drug.

The use of the drug for increased intracranial pressure is associated with suppression of carbonic anhydrase in the plexuses of the ventricles of the brain and a decrease in the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

Duration of action – up to 12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

After oral administration, acetazolamide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. After taking Diacarb at a dose of 500 mg, the Cmax of the active substance is 12-27 mcg/ml and is achieved after 1-3 hours. The detectable concentration of acetazolamide in plasma remains for 24 hours after taking the drug.

Distribution and metabolism

Distributed mainly in red blood cells, kidneys, muscles, eyeball tissues and the central nervous system. Highly bound to plasma proteins. Penetrates through the placental barrier. Acetazolamide is not biotransformed in the body.

Removal

It is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. About 90% of the dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours.

Indications: edematous syndrome (mild to moderate severity, in combination with alkalosis); - glaucoma (primary and secondary, as well as during an acute attack); - epilepsy (as part of combination therapy); - intracranial hypertension; - acute altitude (mountain) illness (the drug reduces the acclimatization time, but its effect on the symptoms of the disease is insignificant).

Directions for use and doses

In case of edema syndrome at the beginning of treatment, the drug is prescribed in a dose of 250-375 mg (1-1.5 tablets) 1 time / day in the morning. The maximum diuretic effect is achieved when taking the drug every other day or 2 days in a row, and then a one-day break. When using Diakarb, you should continue therapy for circulatory failure, including cardiac glycosides, follow a diet with limited salt intake and compensate for the lack of potassium.

Release form and composition

The main form of release of Diacarb is round white tablets intended for internal use. The tableted product is placed in packages (No. 10, 24, 30).

The composition of the medication is represented by main and auxiliary ingredients. The compounds present in the preparation are described in the table below:

Some pharmacological companies include other substances in the medicine that provide an auxiliary effect. Manufacturers of the product resort to replacing traditional ingredients with talc and potato starch.

What is ICP

The head is a very complex and extremely vulnerable system of the human body. In addition to external dangers, it is also threatened by various internal diseases and pathologies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) constantly circulates in the skull, which surrounds the brain and protects it from various threats. In its normal state, cerebrospinal fluid is a colorless transparent liquid. For adults, its normal amount is 120 +/- 30 ml, for newborns - 5-20 ml, for young children 40-60 ml. Cerebrospinal fluid is formed constantly, several times during the day it completely changes. A blood pressure of 70-120 mm is considered normal for a healthy adult.

However, if its outflow is disrupted, it begins to accumulate. This is how hydrocephalus develops. Excess fluid begins to put pressure on the skull. This increases the pressure. Therefore, you should not equate the concepts of “intracranial pressure” and “hydrocephalus,” although they often accompany each other.

Causes of intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure increases due to an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal fluid. An increase in its quantity may be due to several reasons: 1. Vasogenic edema. Its occurrence is associated with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, the development of a brain tumor, etc.; 2. Cytotoxic edema. This type of edema develops due to infections (meningitis, encephalitis), etc.; 3. Interstitial edema. Develops with an increase in the amount of fluid in the white matter. This rather rare phenomenon is called benign intracranial hypertension.

Hydrocephalus of the brain - treatment at different stages

Treatment of hydrocephalus in the early stages can be carried out with medication. The clinically advanced form of the disease requires surgical intervention.

At the Yusupov Hospital, acute hydrocephalus that threatens the patient’s life is treated by craniotomy and external drainage to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. For chronic hydrocephalus, a liquor shunt operation is performed. We are talking about removing excess fluid through a complex system of catheters and valves into other natural cavities of the body.

At the Yusupov Hospital, such operations are performed by highly qualified neurosurgeons. It is possible to achieve the patient’s recovery and return to normal social life.

Intracranial pressure - diagnosis

The first person a patient with suspected intracranial pressure will meet will, of course, be a therapist. He must listen to complaints and decide on referral for further examination and tests. An ophthalmologist can give a more or less accurate conclusion after examining the fundus. This is where fluid stagnation manifests itself.

Based on the results of magnetic resonance or computed tomography, ultrasound or neurosonography, the neurologist will make a final diagnosis. Next, you will need to consult a surgeon to determine the method of treatment.

Purpose of the drug Diacarb

Treatment of intracranial pressure begins with determining the cause that caused it. If tumors or other growths are present, surgery may be required.

Diacarb for intracranial pressure is prescribed by a doctor if there is no need for surgical intervention. This medicine is a weak diuretic, that is, a diuretic. Its use is based not only on its diuretic and decongestant effect, but also on its ability to slow down the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. As a result of taking the product, the water-salt balance is normalized.

Despite its apparent safety, Diacarb is still a prescription drug. Its use, especially by children, should be carried out under strict medical supervision.

Diacarb and preparations containing potassium

With long-term use of Diacarb, hypokalemia may develop, since the drug promotes the excretion of potassium and sodium ions. The body itself cannot reproduce them in the required quantity. However, potassium is very important in the functioning of the heart muscle. To prevent the development of a deficiency of essential microelements, doctors often prescribe potassium supplements (Asparkam, Panangin, etc.), especially for children.

Method of administration and dosage of the drug

Diacarb is available in the form of tablets for oral administration with a dosage of 250 mg. The doctor prescribes a single dosage and treatment regimen based on the patient’s indications. This takes into account his age, weight, nature and severity of the disease and many other parameters. When treating ICP in adults, as a rule, the following dosage regimen is used: 1. First, a minimum dose of 250 mg is prescribed. (1 tablet) per day. If adverse reactions occur, this dose can be divided into two doses. If no positive changes occur, the dose is successively increased to 750 mg. The maximum daily dose under no circumstances should exceed 1 g, as this is useless and unsafe; 2. Typically, for adults, taking the drug is alternated with a break according to the scheme: two days of taking - one day of break or four days of taking - two days of rest. This is due to Diacarb’s ability to oxidize blood. In addition, after a few days of use, the diuretic effect weakens.

Only a doctor can change the dose and order of administration. Self-medication is unacceptable. If for any reason the tablet was not taken on time, it is not drunk along with the next one. This is not a doctor's whim. The single dosage cannot be increased. The duration of treatment is also determined by the doctor. Only those days when the patient took the medicine are counted. Breaks in therapy do not count.

Diacarb should be taken in the morning after meals with regular warm water. In some cases, especially if the dosage is high, the drug is taken in the morning and evening. In this case, the break should be at least 8-12 hours.

Effect of the drug

Diacarb is absorbed in the intestines and spreads to almost all human organs and systems. However, it does not accumulate there, but is excreted by the kidneys. The action of the drug is based on the binding of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. This reduces the amount of cerebrospinal fluid produced.

Contraindications

Taking the drug is not always possible. The range of its contraindications is quite wide: intolerance to components, renal and liver failure, pregnancy and breastfeeding, adrenal diseases and others.

Side effects

Diacarb is usually well tolerated. However, this drug is available only by prescription. And the reason for this is quite severe side effects. These include seizures, blood oxidation, tinnitus, general weakness, redness of the skin and rashes.

Interaction with other drugs

Diacarb is rarely prescribed independently of other medications. Its effect is enhanced by drugs whose action is aimed at lowering blood sugar and thinning the blood. However, the combination of Diacarb with other drugs is not always positive. For example, simultaneous use with drugs against epilepsy leads to softening of bones.

special instructions

Since taking Diacarb may be accompanied by tinnitus, drowsiness and even convulsions, it is not recommended for drivers, as well as people whose activities involve machinery and require increased attention. The risk of injury or harm to anyone is too high.

Diacarb and asparkam dosage regimen for adults with hydrocephalus

In modern medicine, diacarb and asparkam are the most common drugs for the treatment of edematous conditions with intracranial pressure.
Prescribing medications with a diuretic effect is a common practice in the fight against this condition. To suppress hypertensive manifestations, neurologists recommend this combination quite often. The only drawback of Diacarb is the rapid depletion of some macroelements in the body, so in addition to it, an assistant drug is prescribed. It is also drunk for glaucoma or epilepsy, but primarily it is a diuretic that helps remove natural elements from the body.

The drug is used in tandem with asparkam to replenish potassium and magnesium lost during the metabolization of diacarb components.

What components are included in the preparations?

The active component of the drug Diacarb is acetazolamide. It helps with high intracranial pressure, while helping to reduce the production of cerebrospinal fluid. In addition to the main component, the composition includes additional excipients:

• magnesium stearate,
• povidone,
• colloidal silicon dioxide,
• microcrystalline cellulose.
• croscarmellose sodium.

This diuretic is also periodically prescribed for use in certain lung diseases and the development of pulmonary heart failure. It is produced mainly in tablets. The most common option is packs of 10, 24, 30 pills. The drug makes its own adjustments to water-salt metabolism. Here asparkam comes to his aid.

It replenishes potassium and magnesium reserves, helps improve cardiac condition - copes with heart rhythm disturbances. As for asparkam, its components are potassium and magnesium. The drug can be found on pharmacy shelves in tablets of 10 and 50 pieces per package and in liquid form for injection in 5 and 10 ampoules.

Separately, asparkam is prescribed for coronary heart disease and circulatory system failure.

When are Diacarb and Asparkam prescribed for ICP?

With intracranial pressure that lasts for a long time, there are serious consequences - from severe headaches to a significant change in the size of the skull in children with an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid. The drug is also prescribed for benign cerebral hypertension.

The first choice for long-term disease is the combination of Diacarb with Asparkam. In this case, the course of treatment is calculated individually for each patient. The diuretic medicine also prevents blindness in patients suffering from compression of the optic nerve.

However, you should not prescribe and take such drugs on your own; taking them is possible only after consulting a specialist. Neurologists prescribe treatment with these substances for the following conditions:

Diacarb dosage regimen for adults with high blood pressure

• Reception in one day,
• taking twice every other day,
• two days break - three days of admission.

The optimal regimen for taking Diacarb is 2 after 1 and 1 after 1. If you take the medicine without a break, the excretory effect gradually decreases.

The duration of administration is calculated based on the days when the drug is taken, not counting the days of the break. The medicine can be taken for no more than 10 days. It is allowed to take a daily dose at one time. When swallowing the tablets, be sure to take plenty of water.

You should not adjust the dosage yourself if you miss a dose, otherwise the therapeutic effect may be lost.

There is often a need to lower intracranial pressure in children. In case of difficult childbirth, prematurity and other negative factors, Diacarb is prescribed to newborns.

The doctor calculates the dosage for the baby, taking into account the child’s weight and condition. The prescribed dose of asparkam is affected only by the age of the child.

The maximum amount of diacarb allowed per day is 750 mg (three tablets).

Even though Diacarb is prescribed to infants, it has a number of side effects, including:

• dizziness,
• noise in ears,
• convulsions,
• drowsiness,
• formation of kidney stones,
• urination frequency,
• nausea,
• diarrhea.

Drugs with this effect can be taken only as prescribed by a specialist, since there are a number of contraindications: hypokalemia, uremia, diabetes mellitus, renal and liver failure, high sensitivity to the components of the drug.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of Diacarb and Asparkam is not recommended. Sometimes Diacarb causes allergic reactions, even anaphylactic shock, so the instructions should be carefully studied before using the drug.

Asparkam also has a number of side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hyperkalemia.

Because the drugs are potent, they are effective. According to reviews from patients and mothers of young patients, if all the instructions of the attending physician are followed, the effect is obvious. Blood pressure decreases, and external signs, including hydrocephalus, with timely treatment, when the dosage is calculated correctly, go away before our eyes.

Source: etodavlenie.ru

2AsyaA and everyone who understands this.. Child from birth to one year

I read in a survey that you gave your eldest son Asparkam(n), Diacarb and Nootropil, and now you think it was in vain. If it's not difficult, write why? They just prescribed us the same medications (treatment for a month), but I haven’t given them yet.

Our left ventricle is enlarged by 2mm. I don’t even know if this is a lot or a little. Diagnosis: Mild ventriculomegaly (?) on the left. The left choroid plexus (VCP) is fragmented and hypertrophied. I am a complete layman in this and I don’t understand how serious the diagnosis is.

Soon.

I gave nootropil, a lot, and for a long time. But it was impossible not to give it to Sanya. I stopped drinking Diacarb and Asparkam while still in the hospital, so I don’t know the intricacies of handling these drugs.

IMHO, just an enlargement of the ventricle by 2-4 mm, without clinical manifestations, is not a reason to take medications. This may actually be a variant of the normal structure. Unfortunately, I don’t know anything about choroid plexuses. Sorry, I’m not aware of all the details :(. Is something bothering you and your child?

And when is the ultrasound? Will you have time to complete the course of treatment BEFORE the study?

IMHO, if an ultrasound is scheduled in the next week or two, I would wait for the results.

chin trembled! A child from birth to one year

Dear moms! Yesterday we started preparing for vaccination. drank Diacarb + Asparkam + Suprastin. Timoshka spat out more than half of it and I gave it more, and he spat out some of it again. It seemed like I drank more than I should have, but in the end I didn’t drink.

then I really wanted to sleep and slept for 2 hours!! (This is a lot for naps.) Then he woke up, cried, I sat him down and his chin began to tremble! even the entire jaw. yes so much. I was scared.

I called a neurologist - she said, don’t get vaccinated! this.

Asparkam and Diacarb for HFPD - who will take it. Pediatric medicine

Asparkam and Diacarb for HFPD - who took it? Thank you in advance

Unlucky with my health, but lucky with my husband. For a resident of Ussuriysk, who was confined to a wheelchair by illness, her husband became a real support. And not just in a figurative sense.

Only thanks to his efforts and golden hands does a woman have the opportunity to go out and lead a completely active life.

There is much to admire in this story: the amazing courage of the wife, who does not lose her fortitude, and the touching care and support of her husband in a situation where many would hasten to hide from.

Since yesterday, Ivashka somehow magically started eating again and had an appetite. Today he already eats 120 every 3 hours. the neurologist said that it was probably diacarb - i.e.

Just at the moment when he stopped eating, according to the NSG, the ventricles greatly expanded, the blood flow worsened - we even went to the Scientific and Research Center for a consultation with a neurosurgeon on Monday (we didn’t drink Diacarb for a month).

apparently the ICP was off the charts (which was indirectly evidenced by our evening cries + I slept bending over and throwing my head back).

Not everyone can take Diakarb. My child with a genetic disorder of amino and org metabolism. Diacarb acids were contraindicated, as it somehow affects metabolism, and in our case, not for the better.

Source: https://folkmap.ru/krov/diakarb-i-asparkam-shema-priema-vzroslym-pri-gidrotsefalii/

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Diacarb tablets are a diuretic . Their diuretic effect is associated with inhibition of carbonic anhydrase , which takes part in the metabolism of carbonic acid. Inhibition of the action of this enzyme occurs in kidney tissue. As a result, the degree of reabsorption into the blood from urine decreases.

This drug also helps with pulmonary heart failure , which can occur with certain lung diseases, for example, with emphysema . In addition, it can be used for excessive intracranial pressure. It inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the brain, which leads to a decrease in the formation of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial pressure. Accordingly, the associated symptoms, for example, headache, .

Once in the body, this drug also inhibits carbonic anhydrase of the ciliary body, which determines its use in acute attacks of glaucoma . Its action causes a decrease in the secretion of aqueous humor and normalizes its outflow.

In general, tablets are widely used to treat water and sodium retention in the body, as well as to prevent edema of various origins . Thus, they can be used in the treatment of many diseases. Helping to normalize water-salt metabolism, they do not disturb the acid-base balance. Duration of action is up to 12 hours.

After oral administration at a dosage of 500 mg, the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood plasma is reached after 2 hours. Its action is characterized by a high degree of binding to plasma proteins. The active substance penetrates the placental barrier.

The medicine is excreted unchanged through the kidneys, mainly within 24 hours.

How is intraocular pressure reduced?

Diacarb is used in ophthalmological practice for the treatment of glaucoma. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found in the structure of the eye (ciliary body) that produces fluid for the anterior chamber. Suppression of activity causes a decrease in the amount of moisture, which leads to the relief of increased intraocular pressure.

It is important that there is no addiction to Diacarb during long-term treatment. The effect is determined by measuring intraocular pressure. The onset appears within an hour, reaches its maximum effect after 3–5 hours and lasts up to 12 hours. Observations have shown that the initial pressure can be reduced by 50–60%.

Indications for use of Diacarb

only as a diuretic drug, since there are more effective drugs in this series. But it is often used for diseases not related to the genitourinary system, if there are appropriate indications for the use of Diacarb.

It is not recommended to take these pills on your own, without consulting a doctor; only a specialist knows what they will help with and exactly how they will act.

Indications for use of Diacarb may be as follows:

• Edema syndrome (moderate or mild severity);
• Epilepsy (as one of the means of combined treatment);
• Glaucoma;
• Altitude sickness;
• Some pulmonary diseases, when a lot of carbon dioxide and bicarbonates accumulate in the blood.

Treatment of hydrocephalus with Diacarb - effectiveness, dosage, reviews

The likelihood of developing hydrocephalus and its complications is present at any age. The disease is a serious disorder and requires the mandatory use of high-quality medicines. One of the frequently prescribed medications is Diacarb for hydrocephalus. The drug is addressed to people of different ages, and is used after a doctor’s prescription.

Mechanism of action

The vascular system of the cerebral ventricles produces cerebrospinal fluid with the participation of a special enzyme - carbonic anhydrase. The use of Diacarb causes blocking of this substance, ensures the excretion of bicarbonate, potassium and sodium ions in the urine.

Thanks to the use of this medication, it is possible to eliminate many of the symptoms of hydrocephalus and achieve the following results:

1. Reduce cerebrospinal fluid production.
2. Reduce intracranial pressure.
3. Relieve headache.

The drug also has antiepileptic and antiglaucoma effects, and the ability to stop foci of pathological excitability in brain structures.

If the disease takes a benign course, the appointment of Diacarb allows one to avoid complex operations. These primarily include bypass surgery (surgical manipulation affecting the blood vessels of the brain).

After the drug is ingested, the active component is quickly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. The largest volume of the active substance in the blood plasma is achieved after 1-3 hours, and is maintained for at least a day.

Release form and composition

The main form of release of Diacarb is round white tablets intended for internal use. The tableted product is placed in packages (No. 10, 24, 30).

The composition of the medication is represented by main and auxiliary ingredients. The compounds present in the preparation are described in the table below:

Some pharmacological companies include other substances in the medicine that provide an auxiliary effect. Manufacturers of the product resort to replacing traditional ingredients with talc and potato starch.

Indications

Diakarb tablets are intended to relieve conditions associated with the development of hydrocephalus:

• swelling;
• epileptic seizures;
• intracranial hypertension.

The drug also helps treat patients with gout, fight secondary glaucoma, tetany, and premenstrual syndrome. Tablets are prescribed at the stage of preparation for operations related to the presence of glaucoma in a patient (chronic, open-angle, closed-angle).

Contraindications

Diacarb is contraindicated in patients suffering from certain disorders:

• severe kidney and liver failure;
• urolithiasis, which occurs with an increase in the level of calcium in urine;
• liver cirrhosis;
• hypokalemia;
• uremia;
• hyponatremia;
• diabetes mellitus;
• Addison's disease;
• adrenal insufficiency;
• chronic decompensated angle-closure glaucoma.

The drug is not prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, during breastfeeding, or if an allergy to substances present in the drug is detected.

There are conditions that are not contraindications to taking Diacarb, but require maximum caution when using this medication. These include edema associated with pathologies of the liver or kidneys, pulmonary embolism, emphysema, pregnancy (starting from the second trimester).

It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of a patient with hydrocephalus who is taking Aspirin or other drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid simultaneously with Diacarb.

Instructions for use

Before prescribing Diakarb to a patient with hydrocephalus, a medical history and neurological examination are performed. Before and after prescribing the medication, procedures such as ultrasound, CT, and EEG are required.

Before starting the treatment course, the doctor explains in detail how to take the pills. The dosage of the medication is calculated individually. When determining a single dose of medication, the specialist takes into account the severity of the existing symptoms and the characteristics of the course of the disease.

For children

The principle of using Diacarb for hydrocephalus in children is as follows:

The indicated doses of the drug are divided into 2 doses. It is recommended to drink the medicine continuously for 2-3 days in a row, after which a one-day break is provided.

Exceeding dosages of Diacarb can harm a growing body. The maximum daily dose of the drug prescribed to a child cannot be higher than 750 mg.

Therapy with Diacarb in children is often combined with the use of Asparkam, Elcar Cavinton, and Cinnarizine. Such combinations activate full metabolism and cell division, provide vasodilating, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects.

For adults

Diacarb for hydrocephalus in adults drink 250-750 mg daily. For a disease caused by a neuroinfection, take 1 tablet of the drug in the morning on an empty stomach (3-day course). Next, an interval of 3 days is required. The maximum dose of the drug should not exceed 4000 mg per day.

For hydrocephalus in adults, Diacarb is often combined with the prescription of Asparkam (the drugs alternate every other day). Basically, this combination is indicated for people with a long-term illness.

If the venous outflow is impaired, the doctor may add venotonics (Detralex, Aescusan) to the Diacarb treatment regimen. Additionally, injection administration of Piracetam and Atovegin is recommended. These drugs improve blood supply to the brain, stimulate cellular metabolism and regenerative processes.

Side effects

If you follow the dosage recommended by your doctor, Diacarb rarely leads to the development of side effects. The maximum risk of pathological symptoms is present in children under 12 years of age and elderly patients undergoing treatment for hydrocephalus with this drug.

Adverse events can take the form of:

• tingling;
• decreased appetite;
• the appearance of an unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• nausea;
• gagging;
• the presence of “goosebumps” on the skin;
• lethargy;
• apathy;
• depressive states;
• stool disorders;
• darkening of stool;
• kidney stones;
• polyuria (increased urine production);
• intracranial hypotension.

Should be considered! If there are no potassium supplements in the treatment regimen, the patient may experience paresthesia due to constant loss of electrolytes. If severe side effects occur, the patient is hospitalized for appropriate medical care.

Consequences of overdose

An overdose of the drug is fraught with increased side effects, disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, the development of metabolic acidosis, and improper functioning of the central nervous system.

A specific antidote has not been developed. When using large doses of the drug, symptomatic and supportive treatment is indicated. If metabolic acidosis develops, sodium bicarbonate is used. To remove excess acetazolamide from the victim’s body, hemodialysis (extrarenal blood purification) is performed.

Proper storage, shelf life of tablets

The medicine must be stored in places protected from bright light and moisture, in conditions not exceeding +25 °C. It is important to control the unavailability of the medication for children. The tablets have a 5-year shelf life, counted from the date of their production.

Reviews and prices

Reviews from specialists and patients allow you to obtain additional information about Diacarb and get a correct idea about this drug:

Elena Vladimirovna, neurologist, Moscow:

“Due to the presence of diuretic properties and the ability to reduce the production of intracerebral fluid, Diacarb has become one of the leading means of treating hydrocephalus in children and adults, eliminating the consequences of traumatic brain injuries. It is important to consider that hypokalemia occurs during the use of tablets. This problem can be eliminated by introducing potassium supplements into the treatment regimen.”

Maria, St. Petersburg:

“Diacarb was prescribed to my 6-month-old son when the initial signs of hydrocephalus appeared. The baby tolerated the treatment well, without obvious side effects. After the full course, the size of the ventricles and the volume of the head returned to normal, and the diagnosis was removed. Then the child developed correctly and began to walk at exactly 1 year. There were no more problems."

The drug for hydrocephalus is affordable. You can buy the medicine in Russian pharmacies at a price of 225-250 rubles. (pack of 30 tablets of 250 mg.). To purchase a medicine, the buyer must have a prescription approved by a doctor.

Analogs

To replace Diacarb, synonymous drugs are often used that have a composition similar to the original, pharmacological action, lists of indications and contraindications:

1. Acetazolamide;
2. Diazomide;
3. Diuremide.

The most inexpensive analogues of a diuretic that can compensate for its absence include Veroshpiron, Furosemide, Dichlorothiazide. Such medications often cost several times less than the original product, but do not always achieve the same pronounced therapeutic result.

It is necessary to take into account an important point - independent replacement of Diacarb tablets with any analogue is unacceptable. Hydrocephalus is a serious and dangerous disease, the treatment of which must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist, using medications prescribed by a doctor.

Source: https://mozgexpert.ru/zabolevaniya/gidrocefaliya/diakarb-pri-gidrocefalii

Side effects

Side effects when taking the drug may be the following: hypokalemia , convulsions , paresthesia , anorexia , itching , urticaria , muscle weakness , flushing , tinnitus, metabolic acidosis, myopia .

, nephrolithiasis glycosuria , leukopenia , disorientation, drowsiness , vomiting, allergies , hematuria , hemolytic anemia , agranulocytosis , disturbance of touch, nausea, diarrhea may appear .

If side effects occur while taking this medication, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Instructions for use of Diacarb (Method and dosage)

For those who have been prescribed Diacarb tablets, the instructions for use inform that the dosage regimen may vary depending on the disease, the characteristics of the body and the age of the patient.

In case of edematous syndrome, the initial daily dosage is 250-375 mg. You need to take the product once a day. The maximum diuretic effect occurs after 1-2 days of administration. Then it is advisable to take a break for 24 hours. When taking the medicine, the instructions for use of Diakarb advise simultaneously treating circulatory failure, replenishing potassium levels and following a diet limited in salt intake.

For open-angle glaucoma, the medicine is taken several times a day. Dose – 250 mg. In case of secondary glaucoma, 250 mg is prescribed every 4 hours. Children are prescribed 10-15 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. The daily dosage must be divided into several doses.

Tablets at a dosage of 500-1000 mg/day are recommended to be taken 1-2 days before climbing the mountain. If symptoms of mountain sickness still appear, it is necessary to continue therapy for two days.

For epilepsy, adult patients are given 250-500 mg of medication per day. The course lasts 3 days. Then you need to take a break. In turn, the instructions for use of Diakarb for children provide the following daily dosages depending on age:

• 4-12 months – 50 mg;
• 2-3 years – 50-125 mg;
• 4-18 years – 125-500 mg.

When combined with anticonvulsants , the initial daily dosage is 250 mg. If required, it can be increased. But children should not take a daily dose exceeding 750 mg.

For any indication, if a dose is missed, the next dose cannot be increased.

Reviews and prices

Reviews from specialists and patients allow you to obtain additional information about Diacarb and get a correct idea about this drug:

Elena Vladimirovna, neurologist, Moscow:

“Due to the presence of diuretic properties and the ability to reduce the production of intracerebral fluid, Diacarb has become one of the leading means of treating hydrocephalus in children and adults, eliminating the consequences of traumatic brain injuries. It is important to consider that hypokalemia occurs during the use of tablets. This problem can be eliminated by introducing potassium supplements into the treatment regimen.”

Maria, St. Petersburg:

“Diacarb was prescribed to my 6-month-old son when the initial signs of hydrocephalus appeared. The baby tolerated the treatment well, without obvious side effects. After the full course, the size of the ventricles and the volume of the head returned to normal, and the diagnosis was removed. Then the child developed correctly and began to walk at exactly 1 year. There were no more problems."

The drug for hydrocephalus is affordable. You can buy the medicine in Russian pharmacies at a price of 225-250 rubles. (pack of 30 tablets of 250 mg.). To purchase a medicine, the buyer must have a prescription approved by a doctor.

Interaction

When Diacarb is combined with antiepileptic osteomalacia may increase . And interaction with diuretics and Theophylline leads to a significant increase in diuretic effect. But this does not apply to acid-forming diuretics . In this case, the diuretic effect, on the contrary, decreases.

In addition, the drug increases the likelihood of the toxic effect of salicylates , carbamazepine , non-depolarizing muscle relaxants , drugs with digitalis, and ephedrine .

Interaction effects with other medications

Since Acetazolamide is recommended for the combined treatment of various diseases, the instructions for use require taking into account the possible increase and decrease in its effect, and timely adjustment of drug dosages.

The action is enhanced by:

• folic acid antagonists;
• hypoglycemic agents;
• anticoagulants for internal use;
• Cardiac glycosides in the treatment of circulatory failure exhibit toxic properties and cause arrhythmias;
• drugs to increase blood pressure;
• antiepileptic drugs cause bone softening more aggressively;
• Atropine, Amphetamine, Quinidine, Ephedrine dramatically increase undesirable side effects;
• diuresis increases when using Aminophylline;
• β-blockers reduce arterial and intraocular pressure more strongly.

Aspirin and combination drugs including acetylsalicylic acid cause toxic effects on the brain

Combinations with ammonium chloride and diuretics formed during the breakdown of acid lead to a decrease in the diuretic effect.

During anesthesia, anesthesiologists have to take into account the property of Diacarb to increase the concentration of muscle relaxants (drugs for muscle relaxation) in the blood.